@article {3ab5b8a2f6da47b895372adb77441a11,
	title = {Zakat Giving to Non-Muslims: Muftis{\textquoteright} Attitudes in Arab and Non-Arab Countries},
	journal = {Journal of Muslim Philanthropy \& Civil Society},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Copyright - {\textcopyright} 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the {\textquotedblleft}License{\textquotedblright}). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Last updated - 2022-02-08 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arab countries},
	pages = {66{\textendash}86},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	abstract = {A heated cultural and religious debate endures in the Muslim world around the question of whether Islamic theology allows for giving religious philanthropy to non-Muslims, as individuals or nonprofit organizations. The debate pertains especially to the practice of zakat, which considered to be a religious practice of giving to Muslim compatriots. Yet in the context of contemporary times, with a global pandemic and growing interactions between Muslims and non-Muslim, the exclusivity of giving zakat to Muslim beneficiaries is being questioned in theological debates and in practice. Muftis are central in shaping the contours of this debate, since a growing number of fatwas (juristic decrees) are addressing the issue at stake. This calls for a focus on Muftis{\textquoteright} attitudes towards giving zakat to non-Muslims through content analysis of fatwas. Our analysis reveals that Muftis in Arab countries tend to allow giving zakat only to non-Muslims residing in the same country. Muftis in non-Arab countries, as well as those who engage in preaching Islam to an English-speaking audience, tend to allow giving zakat to non-Muslims who live in non-Muslim countries. However, some Muftis in both Arab and non-Arab countries have conditioned that non-Muslim recipients of zakat must belong to the category of zakat recipients of Al-Muallafatu Qulubuhum {\textquotedblleft}those whose hearts are inclined towards Islam.{\textquotedblright} Discussion on the implications of these findings is offered.},
	keywords = {Arab countries, Beneficiaries, content analysis, Contours, Islam, Islamic countries, MUSLIMS, Non-Muslims, Nonprofit organizations, Pandemics, Philanthropy, Religion, Sermons, Social Services And Welfare, THEOLOGY},
	issn = {2578-4404},
	author = {Mahajneh, Marwan Abu-Ghazaleh and Itay Greenspan and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
