@article {42b7e12bb76e4e11b08377a4906f8596,
	title = {Self-Efficacy and Collective Efficacy as Moderators of the Psychological Consequences of Exposure of Palestinian Parents in Israel to Community Violence},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {62},
	number = {13},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The authors would also like to extend their sincere gratitude to many students and faculty members at Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, Beit Berl College, and Sakhnin College for their invaluable help and support in collecting the data for this study. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study has been partially funded by Faye Kaufman Memorial Prize and the Jean \& Fanny Tolkowsky-Gutman Foundation, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/ or publication of this article: The study has been partially funded by Faye Kaufman Memorial Prize and the Jean \& Fanny Tolkowsky-Gutman Foundation, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.},
	pages = {4236{\textendash}4256},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This study examined the rates of exposure to community violence (ECV; that is, witnessing and directly experiencing violence) as well as the detrimental consequences of such exposure as reflected in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and a decline in psychological well-being (PWB) among parents. In addition, the study examined whether self-efficacy and collective efficacy moderate these consequences. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by a systematic random sample of 760 Palestinian parents in Israel. The findings indicate that most of them had witnessed such violence, and almost half of them had directly experienced such violence in their lifetime. The rates of ECV were higher for the fathers than the mothers. ECV was found to predict high levels of PTSS and low levels of PWB among parents. In addition, collective efficacy was found only to moderate the relationship between witnessing community violence and PTSS. There is a need to identify adults who are exposed to community violence, as well as to develop culturally adapted and sociopolitically sensitive therapeutic and preventive interventions and projects for provision of assistance following exposure to such violence.},
	keywords = {Collective efficacy, experiencing community violence, Palestinian parents, posttraumatic stress symptoms, Psychological Well-Being, self-efficacy, Witnessing community violence},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X18757616},
	author = {Ali-Saleh Darawshy, Neveen and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
