@article {b7d262d63acd4e989095bada06efcc5c,
	title = {Childhood exposure to parental violence, attachment insecurities, and intimate partner violence perpetration among Arab adults in Israel},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {136},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was partially supported by grants from the Ariane de Rothschild Women{\textquoteright}s Doctoral Program . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Extensive research supports the existence of a {\textquotedblleft}cycle of violence{\textquotedblright} that links exposure to parental violence during childhood (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and child maltreatment) with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. However, there is still a need to explore the mechanisms through which early exposure to parental violence may foster IPV perpetration during adulthood. Objective: In this study, we examine the mediating role of attachment insecurities and gender differences in the relationship between exposure to parental violence during childhood and IPV perpetration during adulthood. Method, participants, and setting: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a representative sample of 604 married Arab adults (M age = 33.},
	keywords = {Arab society, Attachment, Child maltreatment, Gender differences, Intimate partner violence, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105999},
	author = {Shireen Sokar and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W.}
}
@article {6570b55f051c482fb8f31f0eb3b264f9,
	title = {Exposure to Parental Violence During Childhood and Later Psychological Distress Among Arab Adults in Israel: The Role of Gender and Sense of Coherence},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was supported by grants from the Ariane de Rothschild Women{\textquoteright}s Doctoral Scholarship, and the Center for the Study of Multiculturalism \& Diversity at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2022.},
	pages = {NP588{\textendash}NP612},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Exposure to parental violence in childhood is a significant predictor of psychological distress in adulthood. Factors at the individual level may explain the variance in psychological distress among adults exposed to parental violence. The current study examined the effect of exposure to different forms (i.e., physical violence and psychological aggression) and different patterns of parental violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence, experiencing parental violence) on later psychological distress. The mediating role of sense of coherence (SOC) and the moderating role of gender in this relationship were also examined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 604 married Arab adults in Israel (age = 20{\textendash}6},
	keywords = {Arab society, exposure to parental violence, Gender differences, long-term effects, psychological distress, sense of coherence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/08862605221082741},
	author = {Shireen Sokar and Greenbaum, Charles W. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {d33f90cee9ca484293b030383a3ca0e5,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}I Have to Make Sure She Is Not Sad{\textquotedblright}: Children{\textquoteright}s Perceptions of Their Mothers{\textquoteright} Experiences in Shelters for Battered Women},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was financially supported by The Henry Zucker Foundation at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the Haruv Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2023.},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {A qualitative study examined children{\textquoteright}s subjective perception of their mother{\textquoteright}s situation during their stay in shelters for battered women (SBW). Thirty-two children, aged 7{\textendash}12 years, who were staying with their mothers in SBWs participated in this study. Thematic analysis revealed the following two core themes: children{\textquoteright}s perceptions and insights, and feelings that were related to their perceptions. The findings are discussed in light of the concepts of exposure to IPV as a lived trauma, and re-exposure to violence in new contexts, and the role of the relationship with the abused mother in shaping the child{\textquoteright}s well-being.},
	keywords = {battered women{\textquoteright}s experiences, children of battered women, Intimate partner violence, shelters for battered women, violence against women},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/10778012231159416},
	author = {Anat Vass and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {2f08a8c9a11c40b394fb4a91656533ec,
	title = {The potential role of social and familial networks in shaping the well-being of children in shelters for women survivors of intimate partner violence},
	journal = {Child and Family Social Work},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Child \& Family Social Work published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {Children living in households where severe intimate partner violence (IPV) exists sometimes move with their mothers to shelters for battered women. Although there is an increased interest in research exploring children{\textquoteright}s exposure to IPV, little is known about children{\textquoteright}s subjective experiences during their stay in shelters. The present study examines children{\textquoteright}s views of their disconnection from their social and familial networks during their stay in a shelter. Using qualitative methods, 32 children, ages 7{\textendash}12 years, who resided in a shelter were interviewed. Thematic analysis was implemented to develop codes and themes. The following five themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) absence of grandparents, (b) worry about older siblings, (c) disconnection from the neighbourhood, (d) missing their house and (e) disconnection from previous school and classmates. Findings suggest that children{\textquoteright}s disconnection from previous formal and informal networks significantly affected their well-being. The findings are discussed and interpreted in light of selected key concepts of Bronfenbrenner{\textquoteright}s bioecological model. The limitations of this study are discussed, along with implications for future research, as well as highlights for future intervention.},
	keywords = {children exposed to IPV, children in shelters, children{\textquoteright}s networks, Intimate partner violence, social and familial networks, women survivors of IPV},
	issn = {1356-7500},
	doi = {10.1111/cfs.13029},
	author = {Anat Vass and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {1ae0521b3288483387d060f9697e89ce,
	title = {The relationship between national racism and child abuse among Palestinians in Israel: The moderating role of coping strategies},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Funding Information: This article is based on a study supported, in part, by the Fay Kaufman Memorial Prize and Yad Ora Foundation for Research in Ethnography and Middle Eastern Geopolitics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Exposure to ethnic- and race-related stress (e.g., racism, racial discrimination, and micro-aggression) can impair parenting and parent-child relations. Objective: This study examines the exposure of Palestinian parents in Israel to two levels of racism, interpersonal racism (IPR) and perceived collective racism (PCR), and the relationship of each to perpetrating child abuse. Further, the study examines the moderating role of coping strategies on these relationships. Participants and setting: The study was conducted among a systematic semi-random sample of 770 Palestinian parents in Israel (500 mothers and 270 fathers) aged 21{\textendash}66 (M = 38.},
	keywords = {Child abuse, Collective racism, coping strategies, Coping styles, Interpersonal racism, Physical child abuse, Psychological child abuse},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.106004},
	author = {Zedan, Heba Faiek and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {d129773435444bdf99318c07fa0f7eaf,
	title = {The ambivalent visit: Children{\textquoteright}s experiences of relating with their fathers during staying in shelters for women survivors of domestic violence},
	journal = {Child and Family Social Work},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was financially supported by The Henry Zucker Foundation at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and The Haruv Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {535{\textendash}544},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {Children{\textquoteright}s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem that has been increasingly examined during the last four decades. In the case of severe IPV, children are placed with their mothers in shelters for women survivors of domestic violence (SDV). The current study aimed to understand young children{\textquoteright}s descriptions of relating with their fathers during their stay in SDVs. Interviews were conducted with 32 Israeli children, aged 7 to 12 years. Two main themes and five subthemes were identified through thematic analysis: (1) Atypical visiting arrangements (subthemes: a lack of understanding about the meaning of supervised visitations, inconsistent and unstable visitations); (2) ambivalent attitudes towards the visiting arrangements (subthemes: enjoying fathers{\textquoteright} attention and shared family time, worry and guilt following the visitations, controversial messages from fathers). The findings demonstrate the children{\textquoteright}s subjective views and emphasize the benefit of gathering qualitative data from young children in the context of exposure to IPV. Findings are discussed in light of the cognitive dissonance reduction theory. Limitations of the study are discussed, along with implications for practice, theory and future research.},
	keywords = {children{\textquoteright}s exposure to IPV, domestic violence shelters, experiences of children, father-child relations, father{\textendash}child relations, Intimate partner violence},
	issn = {1356-7500},
	doi = {10.1111/cfs.12906},
	author = {Anat Vass and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {4ecc13b3aba749c2abea5c551ee90661,
	title = {Beliefs of Social Work Students in Israel about Wife-Beating: Are They Influenced by Their Patriarchal Ideology and Exposure to Violence in Their Families-of-Origin?},
	journal = {Victims and Offenders},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {258{\textendash}283},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Beliefs of Israeli undergraduate students of social work about wife-beating were examined, based on a combination of two theoretical frameworks, i.e., patriarchal ideology (as reflected in participants{\textquoteright} attitudes toward women and marital role expectations) and social learning theory (as reflected in their exposure to family violence during childhood). Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by a convenience sample of 542 students, from all three years of undergraduate studies in social work in seven academic institutions in Israel. The majority of participants were female (90.7\%); 91.5\% were Jews, and the remaining 8.5\% were Arabs. The majority of participants expressed opposition to negative beliefs about wife-beating (e.g., opposed justifying wife-beating, expressed opposition for blaming battered women for husbands{\textquoteright} violence), and expressed willingness to help battered women. In addition, high percentages of the participants expressed willingness to hold violent husbands responsible for their behavior. Students{\textquoteright} liberal attitudes toward women and egalitarian expectations of marriage correlated significantly with most non-lenient beliefs about battered women and violent husbands. Nevertheless, participants{\textquoteright} exposure to family violence did not correlate significantly with these beliefs. The predictability of these beliefs by participants{\textquoteright} patriarchal ideology and exposure to family violence has been examined. The implications of the results for future research and theory development as well as for professional socialization are discussed.},
	keywords = {Beliefs about wife-beating, exposure to family violence, Intimate partner violence, patriarchal ideology, social learning theory, Social Work Students, violence against women},
	issn = {1556-4886},
	doi = {10.1080/15564886.2021.1898507},
	author = {Menny Malka and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Shireen Sokar and Niveen Hassan-Abbas}
}
@article {54c6ef28f8bf44e48595ca88d01d6aa7,
	title = {Exposure to Family Violence in Childhood, Self-Efficacy, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Young Adulthood},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {36},
	number = {17-18},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019.},
	pages = {NP9548{\textendash}NP9575},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This study aimed to examine the relationship of exposure to family violence (i.e., experiencing parental physical violence [PH] and psychological aggression [PA] and witnessing interparental PH and PA) during childhood and adolescence with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood. In addition, the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship was investigated. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 516 university and college students in Israel (90.7\% female and 9.3\% male; Mage = 24.},
	keywords = {experiencing parental violence, exposure to family violence, long-term effects, posttraumatic stress symptoms, self-efficacy, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260519860080},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Niveen Hassan-Abbas and Menny Malka and Shireen Sokar}
}
@article {28f36403f122427d9d832b320208b1a9,
	title = {Palestinian Adolescents{\textquoteright} Prolonged Exposure to Political Violence, Self- Esteem, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {36},
	number = {9-10},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was partially supported by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF; Grant No. 790/08). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.},
	pages = {4137{\textendash}4164},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The goal of this study was to understand the relation between adolescents{\textquoteright} long-term exposure to political violence (EPV) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We examined the relations among EPV, PTSS, and self-esteem to determine whether self-esteem could buffer the effects of EPV on PTSS. A systematic cluster random sample of 2,934 Palestinian adolescent boys and girls in the West Bank area of the Palestinian Authority and in East Jerusalem participated in a study using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis showed that the more Palestinian youth were exposed to political violence during the last year and during previous years, the more they exhibited PTSS and its three manifestations, that is, avoidance, intrusion, and arousal. In addition, EPV showed effects on PTSS after controlling for sociodemographic variables and self-esteem. Girls and residents of the West Bank reported more PTSS than boys and residents of East Jerusalem, respectively. Higher levels of EPV correlated with lower levels of self-esteem, and children with relatively low self-esteem were likely to report more PTSS than children with high self-esteem. Hence, the correlations between participants{\textquoteright} EPV and some of the PTSS were found to be partially dependent on the levels of their self-esteem, indicating moderating and mediating effects for self-esteem on the relation between degree of EPV and PTSS. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {children in war zones, effects of EPV, exposure to political violence (EPV), Palestinian children, POLITICAL violence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260518789144},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W. and Laila Lahoud-Shoufany}
}
@article {129040c4654d49d78df6d7d2e7598e90,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Pay Attention to Me{\textquotedblright}: Children{\textquoteright}s Subjective Perceptions of the Process of Leaving Home With Their Mothers to Shelters for Battered Women},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study has been partially supported by grants received from the Henry Zucker Foundation and the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and from the Haruv Institute. Funding Information: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-111X Vass Anat 1 Haj-Yahia Muhammad M. 1 1 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Anat Vass, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Email: anatdanan@walla.co.il 1 2020 1077801219890421 {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020 2020 SAGE Publications Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of children{\textquoteright}s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on children{\textquoteright}s subjective perception of the process of leaving their home with their mother to shelters for battered women. Based on thematic analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 32 Israeli 7- to 12-year-old children, the results revealed the following three main themes: violence against the mother in general, the way they left for the shelter, and the reasons and circumstances of leaving the home and community. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive-structural framework. children of battered women intimate partner violence shelters for battered women children exposed to domestic violence Haruv Institute https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007462 No number was assigned for this grant The Henry Zuker Foundation No number was assigned for the grant. edited-state corrected-proof typesetter ts1 Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study has been partially supported by grants received from the Henry Zucker Foundation and the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and from the Haruv Institute. ORCID iD Anat Vass https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-111X Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020.},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {295{\textendash}319},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of children{\textquoteright}s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on children{\textquoteright}s subjective perception of the process of leaving their home with their mother to shelters for battered women. Based on thematic analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 32 Israeli 7- to 12-year-old children, the results revealed the following three main themes: violence against the mother in general, the way they left for the shelter, and the reasons and circumstances of leaving the home and community. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive-structural framework.},
	keywords = {children exposed to domestic violence, children of battered women, Intimate partner violence, shelters for battered women},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/1077801219890421},
	author = {Anat Vass and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {3ec8848a4c9047899c08b95fe99ad3ba,
	title = {The relationship between exposure of Palestinian youth to community violence and internalizing and externalizing symptoms: Do gender and social support matter?},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Funding Information: Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia, Ph.D., is Gordon Brown Chair in Social Work and a Professor at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Becky Leshem, Ph.D., is a Lecturer at the School of Special Education at Achva College, Ashkelon, Israel, and a Research Fellow at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; and Neil B. Guterman, Ph.D., is Dean and Paulette Goddard Professor at New York University Silver School of Social Work, USA.This research was supported by grants from the CRB Bronfman Foundation , the Sara Moses Fund , the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund , and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
	month = {feb},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Youth exposure to community violence (ECV) in the Palestinian society is an alarming problem. Yet, there is serious scarcity of research on its mental health consequences. Objectives: The study examined the relationships between youth ECV and internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as the moderating and mediating effects of gender and support from family and teachers on these relationships. Participants, Setting, and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a systematic random sample of 1930 Palestinian junior and senior high school pupils (912 boys, 1018 girls, aged 12{\textendash}19-year- old), using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results revealed that the more Palestinian youth were exposed to community violence (CV) the more they demonstrated internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Palestinian boys who were victims of CV reported higher levels of externalizing symptoms, while girls reported higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Adolescents with higher levels of family support and teacher support reported lower levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We have also found that gender can moderate the effects of CV victimization on internalizing symptoms and that family support can mediates the relationship between CV victimization and internalizing symptoms and moderate the relationships between ECV (both victimization and witnessing) and externalizing symptoms. Conclusions: The moderating and mediating effects of gender and social support on the relationship between ECV and mental health consequences are discussed. The implications of the results for future research and for prevention and intervention as well as the strengths and limitations of the study are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Exposure to community violence, Externalizing symptoms, family support, Internalizing symptoms, Palestinian youth, social support, Teacher support},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104906},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Becky Leshem and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {d76585a7737d444ba5a85da545a59c68,
	title = {The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence in the Family of Origin During Childhood, Psychological Distress, and Perpetrating Violence in Intimate Relationships Among Male University Students},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {36},
	number = {15-16},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The present study was partially funded by a grant from the Warburg Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019.},
	pages = {NP8347{\textendash}NP8372},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Witnessing or experiencing violence early in childhood is a significant risk factor for later perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by men against women. Despite a large body of research on the topic, there is a need for more specific information about how differing patterns of family violence might pose distinct risks of later mental health problems and violence perpetration. Using a self-administered questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 745 male university students in Israel (age = 21-4},
	keywords = {experiencing parental violence, exposure to violence, family violence, family-of-origin violence, Intimate partner violence, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260519843280},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Sousa, Cindy A. and Ranit Lugassi}
}
@article {3ab5b8a2f6da47b895372adb77441a11,
	title = {Zakat Giving to Non-Muslims: Muftis{\textquoteright} Attitudes in Arab and Non-Arab Countries},
	journal = {Journal of Muslim Philanthropy \& Civil Society},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Copyright - {\textcopyright} 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the {\textquotedblleft}License{\textquotedblright}). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Last updated - 2022-02-08 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arab countries},
	pages = {66{\textendash}86},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	abstract = {A heated cultural and religious debate endures in the Muslim world around the question of whether Islamic theology allows for giving religious philanthropy to non-Muslims, as individuals or nonprofit organizations. The debate pertains especially to the practice of zakat, which considered to be a religious practice of giving to Muslim compatriots. Yet in the context of contemporary times, with a global pandemic and growing interactions between Muslims and non-Muslim, the exclusivity of giving zakat to Muslim beneficiaries is being questioned in theological debates and in practice. Muftis are central in shaping the contours of this debate, since a growing number of fatwas (juristic decrees) are addressing the issue at stake. This calls for a focus on Muftis{\textquoteright} attitudes towards giving zakat to non-Muslims through content analysis of fatwas. Our analysis reveals that Muftis in Arab countries tend to allow giving zakat only to non-Muslims residing in the same country. Muftis in non-Arab countries, as well as those who engage in preaching Islam to an English-speaking audience, tend to allow giving zakat to non-Muslims who live in non-Muslim countries. However, some Muftis in both Arab and non-Arab countries have conditioned that non-Muslim recipients of zakat must belong to the category of zakat recipients of Al-Muallafatu Qulubuhum {\textquotedblleft}those whose hearts are inclined towards Islam.{\textquotedblright} Discussion on the implications of these findings is offered.},
	keywords = {Arab countries, Beneficiaries, content analysis, Contours, Islam, Islamic countries, MUSLIMS, Non-Muslims, Nonprofit organizations, Pandemics, Philanthropy, Religion, Sermons, Social Services And Welfare, THEOLOGY},
	issn = {2578-4404},
	author = {Mahajneh, Marwan Abu-Ghazaleh and Itay Greenspan and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@book {6d7b44552e5a4c8a84a08b110aa5639d,
	title = {Handbook of political violence and children: psychosocial effects, intervention, and prevention policy},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Oxford University Press 2021.},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {בריטניה},
	abstract = {A major goal of this volume is to create a forum for the integration of three areas: theory and research on the effects of exposure to political violence (EPV), intervention to aid victims of EPV, and the prevention of EPV. It notes the lack of application of social science research and theory to prevention of EPV. The introductory chapter presents a description of the gap between international law forbidding political violence against children and recent increases in children{\textquoteright}s EPV, an overview of social science theory related to research and intervention, and descriptions of the contributions of each chapter. Section I, on research, presents reviews of research, original quantitative and qualitative research reports, and a chapter on methodology and ethics. Section II, on intervention, contains research on intervention with children who have experienced EPV in school, their family, and community contexts, and a chapter on issues related to individual therapy with such children. Section III, on prevention, provides chapters on legal and social issues in the prevention of recruitment of children as child soldiers in armed groups, on the role of the International Criminal Court in deterring children{\textquoteright}s EPV, and on the use of transitional justice for preventing recurrence of children{\textquoteright}s EPV. The concluding chapter reviews the major findings of the volume and emphasizes the need for prevention of EPV. It describes the legal framework for prevention, social science theory that could explain the prevalence of EPV despite legal and moral sanctions against it, possible means of protecting children in armed conflict, and possible future directions in research.},
	keywords = {CHILDREN, Enforcement, ETHICS, International law, intervention, POLITICAL violence, Prevention, RESEARCH, Risk, Social science theory},
	isbn = {9780190874551},
	editor = {Greenbaum, Charles W and Carolyn Hamilton and Yahia, Mohammed Haj}
}
@inbook {a10082aeb3cc412fb9f899b157627741,
	title = {Integration of knowledge on children and political violence},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Political Violence and Children},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Oxford University Press 2021.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {1{\textendash}29},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {United Kingdom},
	abstract = {The introductory chapter presents the major goal of this volume: creating a forum for the integration of three areas: theory and research on the effects of exposure to political violence (EPV), intervention to aid victims of EPV, and the prevention of EPV. It notes the relative lack of application of social science research and theory to prevention of EPV. The chapter presents suggested definitions of political violence and what is meant by child, and describes the gap between international law forbidding political violence to children and a recent increase in children{\textquoteright}s EPV. The chapter also presents an overview of social science theory related to research and intervention and descriptions of the three sections in the book. Section I involves research on effects of EPV, Section II addresses intervention, and Section III discusses prevention of EPV. The introduction concludes with summaries of each chapter and a description of the relation of these chapters to the overall perspective of the book.},
	keywords = {CHILDREN, Enforcement, ETHICS, International law, intervention, POLITICAL violence, Prevention, RESEARCH, Risk, Social science theory},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0001},
	author = {Greenbaum, Charles W. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Carolyn Hamilton}
}
@inbook {d3609d237d5346889db9ba36e82cd925,
	title = {Prolonged exposure to political violence and the development of post- traumatic stress symptoms in palestinian adolescents: Moderating effects of parenting styles, age, and gender},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Political Violence and Children},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Oxford University Press 2021.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {189{\textendash}220},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {United Kingdom},
	abstract = {This chapter investigates the relationship between prolonged exposure to political violence (EPV) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among Palestinian adolescents. It also examines the moderating effect of participants{\textquoteright} age, gender, and parental socialization styles on the relationship between EPV and PTSS. A systematic cluster random sample of 2, 934 Palestinian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem responded to self-administered questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive relationship between levels of EPV and of PTSS. Girls showed higher levels of PTSS than boys. Hostile and rejecting parenting styles, strict discipline, and negative evaluation from parents correlated positively with high PTSS, whereas intimate and loving parenting correlated with low levels of PTSS, supporting the hypotheses presented here. The chapter discusses the importance of intimate and loving parenting styles as a possible protective factor for mitigating the effects of political violence on children.},
	keywords = {Palestinian adolescents, Palestinian children, Parenting styles, Political violence exposure, Post-traumatic stress symptoms},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0007},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W.}
}
@inbook {08adf4a9312f4c01a67414d1e35c3bb9,
	title = {Research, intervention, and prevention of children{\textquoteright}s exposure to political violence: The role of international law and social science research},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Political Violence and Children},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Oxford University Press 2021.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {571{\textendash}606},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {United Kingdom},
	abstract = {This chapter reviews the research on the effects of EPV and on the intervention programs contained in this volume, and discusses the theoretical, methodological and ethical issues relating to these reports. In addition, building on the implications of the research for prevention of EPV, the chapter reviews the enforcement gap between international humanitarian and human rights law designed to protect children from EPV and the reality of increasing EPV in the world. It also discusses factors that have led to the enforcement gap, including weaknesses in enforcement mechanisms and psychosocial processes that lead individuals and groups to discount the rights of children. Finally, a we suggest approaches that researchers and practioners in the social sciences and international law could take for protecting children and families from EPV in armed conflict.},
	keywords = {CHILDREN, Enforcement, ETHICS, Evacuating children, Identity, International law, intervention, Political violence prevention, RESEARCH, System justification},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0021},
	author = {Greenbaum, Charles W. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Carolyn Hamilton}
}
@article {234c55ed6cf1488da1edf51a4c84fd22,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Which home are we going back to?{\textquotedblright} Children{\textquoteright}s lived experiences after leaving shelters for battered women},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Funding Information: This study has been partially supported by grants received from The Henry Zucker Foundation at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel, and from the Haruv Institute , Jerusalem, Israel. Appendix A Funding Information: This study has been partially supported by grants received from The Henry Zucker Foundation at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, and from the Haruv Institute, Jerusalem, Israel. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Shelters for battered women (SBW) are one of the main resources protecting battered women and their children from immediate threat, but the time the women can spend at the SBW is limited. Women and their children must leave the shelter when circumstances make it possible and rebuild their lives outside of it. To date, there has been a dearth of research examining how children perceive the transition from the SBW to the community and rebuild new personal and family routines. Objective: The present study explores the subjective perceptions of children of battered women of their transition from the SBW to the community. Participants: Thirty-two children (18 boys, and 14 girls) from Israel, who had resided in one of four SBWs, participated in the study. Methods: We used a qualitative, naturalistic approach, aimed at documenting children{\textquoteright}s subjective perceptions. The dataset was analyzed inductively, following the six stages of thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes emerged regarding the children{\textquoteright}s experiences: (a) escape from the shelter versus leaving after preparation: the process of leaving the shelter; (b) types of living arrangements after leaving the shelter; and (c) implications of reestablishing the social network at school. Although some of the children evaluated their lived experiences after leaving the shelter positively, most of them reported mixed or negative experiences. Conclusions: The experiences of the children after leaving the shelter and their meanings back to the community are discussed. The implications of their experiences for theory development and future research, as well as for developing interventions, focusing on the children{\textquoteright}s individual needs, when they return to live in the community are also discussed.},
	keywords = {children exposed to IPV, children of battered women, Intimate partner violence (IPV), shelters for battered women},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104670},
	author = {Anat Vass and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@inbook {499811242bd743af9e258377630865cc,
	title = {Introduction},
	booktitle = {Mental Health and Palestinian Citizens in Israel},
	series = {Indiana series in Middle East studies},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	organization = {Indiana University Press},
	address = {ארצות הברית},
	isbn = {9780253043078},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj7j65.4},
	author = {Yahia, Mohammed Haj and Ora Nakash and Itshak Levav},
	editor = {Itshak Levav and Ora Nakash and Yahia, Mohammed Haj}
}
@article {f344a5d7564241a784e1a59eb84abb2d,
	title = {On the Lived Experience of Sex Offenders{\textquoteright} Therapists: Their Perceptions of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Consequences and Patterns of Coping},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was partially supported by a grant from the Counsel of Higher Education in Israel. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2016.},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {848{\textendash}872},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {In the last two decades, there has been a growing understanding that the therapeutic encounter with sex offenders takes a cost and has consequences on therapists. Despite the increasing research on the consequences of treating sex offenders, these studies in fact, have merely described the consequences, without providing an outlook for how therapists cope with them. The study presented in this article was part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among social workers, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Emphasis is placed on therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences they experience from treating sex offenders, as well as the strategies they use to cope with these consequences. The study{\textquoteright}s central findings concern the therapists{\textquoteright} perception of the intrapersonal consequences, which included two levels: primary responses and cumulative responses, and their perception of the interpersonal consequences that included their parenting relationships, intimate relationships, their attitude toward others (strangers and acquaintances), loss of their quality of life, and further positive consequences. The findings indicated a sequence and integrated use of the strategies to cope with the consequences. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman{\textquoteright}s stress and coping theory. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {consequences, coping strategies, sex offender therapists, sex offenders, therapist{\textendash}offender encounter},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260516646090},
	author = {Haneen Elias and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@book {0bbff853f4ab4446b864c47382a49026,
	title = {Mental health and Palestinian citizens in Israel},
	series = {Indiana series in Middle East studies},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	organization = {Indiana University Press},
	address = {ארצות הברית},
	abstract = {"Minorities face particular social strains, and these are often manifested in their overall mental health. In Israel, just under a quarter of the citizens are Arab Palestinians, yet very little has been published exploring the spectrum of mental health issues prevalent in this population. The work collected here draws on the first-hand experience of experts working with Israeli Palestinians to highlight the problems faced by service users, their families, and their communities. Palestinians in Israel face unique social, gender, and family-related conditions that also need reliable research and assessment. Mental Health and Palestinian Citizens in Israel offers research and observation on three central topics: socio-cultural determinants of mental health, mental health needs, and mental health service utilization. From suicidal behaviors and addiction to generational trauma and the particular concerns of children and the elderly, this broad and careful collection of research opens new dialogues on treatment, prevention, and methods for providing the best possible care to those in need."},
	isbn = {9780253043061},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj7j65},
	editor = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M and Itshak Levav and Ora Nakash}
}
@inbook {53164f5ed82e43a9ae226831b8262842,
	title = {The Palestinian family in israel: its collectivist nature, structure, and implications for mental health interventions},
	booktitle = {Mental Health and Palestinian Citizens in Israel},
	series = {Indiana series in Middle East studies},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {97{\textendash}120},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	organization = {Indiana University Press},
	address = {ארצות הברית},
	isbn = {9780253043078},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj7j65.10},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M},
	editor = {Itshak Levav and Ora Nakash and Yahia, Mohammed Haj}
}
@article {4465bacaa80642dd8cb971739a4e9463,
	title = {The relationship between exposure to family violence in childhood and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young adulthood: The mediating role of social support},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	pages = {126{\textendash}138},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Extensive research has examined the relationship between exposure to family violence and its long-term mental health effects. Social support has been found to moderate this relationship, but there is a dearth of research on its mediating role. Objectives: The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence during childhood and adolescence on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood on the other. In addition, the article presents results on the role of social support as a mediator in this relationship. Method, participants, and setting: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 516 Israeli university and college students (90.7\% female, and 9.3\% male; M age = 24.},
	keywords = {experiencing parental violence, exposure to family violence, long-term effects, Mental health effects, Post-traumatic stress symptoms, Social-support, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.023},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Shireen Sokar and Niveen Hassan-Abbas and Menny Malka}
}
@article {9e51504477d14e70951d92ced3ccb433,
	title = {Attitudes of Palestinians Toward Social Work Interventions in Cases of Wife Assault},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was partially funded by the Ford Foundation, Cairo Branch, and conducted through the Bisan Center for Research and Development, Ramallah, Palestinian Authority. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2017.},
	pages = {603{\textendash}626},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The study examined the attitudes of Palestinian adults toward social work interventions in cases of husband-to-wife assault (HWA). A survey, using self-administered questionnaires and interviews, was conducted among a random sample of 624 adults from the Palestinian Authority. Results indicate higher levels of support for interventions aimed at helping the couple solve their problems than for interventions aimed at protecting the safety of battered women. However, this trend becomes reversed in cases of repeated and severe HWA. Greater support for interventions aimed at protecting the safety of battered women was found among women versus men and younger versus older adults, as well as among individuals with lower levels of justifying wife abuse and more egalitarian expectations of marriage.},
	keywords = {domestic violence, intervention of social workers, Intimate partner violence, wife abuse in Arab societies, wife assault in Palestinian society},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/1077801217708886},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Rula Btoush}
}
@article {956e02134b0747649707596cd788212c,
	title = {Beliefs of Palestinian Women From Israel About the Responsibility and Punishment of Violent Husbands and About Helping Battered Women},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The present study was partially funded by a grant from the Kahanoff Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015, {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2015.},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {442{\textendash}467},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This article presents a study that examined beliefs about violent husbands and about helping battered women among Palestinian women living in Israel from the perspective of patriarchal ideology. A convenience sample of 701 married women was obtained, and a self-report questionnaire was administered. The findings reveal that the majority of participants held violent husbands accountable for their behavior; however, the majority of them did not support punishing violent husbands through formal agencies (i.e., the police) or through informal social institutions (i.e., the family). In addition, contrary to expectations, the majority of women perceived wife beating as a social problem rather than as a private one that should be dealt with within the family. Regression and multiple regression analysis revealed that women{\textquoteright}s endorsement of patriarchal ideology was found to influence all three above-mentioned beliefs about violent husbands and battered women, over and above the amount of variance in each of these beliefs that could be attributed to the women{\textquoteright}s sociodemographic characteristics. The limitations of the study and its implications for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {beliefs about violent husbands, beliefs about wife beating, Palestinian women in Israel, patriarchal ideology, sociocultural context},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260515608802},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Amarat Zaatut}
}
@article {d80907b213d84fef8747dcf1f3009a41,
	title = {The Co-Occurrence and Unique Mental Health Effects of Political Violence and Intimate Partner Violence},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded in part by NIMH Grant T32MH20010. The funding organizations played no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2015.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {268{\textendash}292},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The global mental health ramifications of political violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are well established. There also exists a growing body of evidence about the increased risks for IPV within situations of political violence. Yet, except for a few studies, there is little literature that simultaneously examines how political violence and IPV might result in unique risks for particular types of mental health sequela. Delineating possible divergent patterns between specific mental health conditions resulting from political violence and IPV takes on an increased urgency given that, although they are related, the two most commonly reported outcomes of these two types of violence{\textemdash}post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression{\textemdash}not only require different types of treatment, but may in fact be generated or maintained by disparate paths. Using survey data from adult women in Palestine (n = 122), this study explores the relationships between IPV and political violence (both lifetime and past-month exposure) and tests their independent relationships to PTSD and depressive symptomology. After controlling for the other form of violence exposure, political violence was correlated with PTSD and not with depressive symptomology, while IPV was correlated with depressive symptomology and not with PTSD. Findings demonstrate that distinct forms of violence exposure might indeed be associated with specific mental health outcomes. Results illustrate the need to assess for both political violence and IPV when researching and designing interventions related to violence.},
	keywords = {depression, domestic violence and IPV, POLITICAL violence, PTSD, violence exposure, War},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260515605120},
	author = {Sousa, Cindy A. and Kim Yacoubian and Flaherty Fischette, Patricia and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {19e93f8ea6e446cd926a46e5cd6573dd,
	title = {Internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Palestinian adolescents from Israel as consequences of their exposure to community violence: Are they moderated by their self-efficacy and collective efficacy?},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd},
	month = {may},
	pages = {61{\textendash}73},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {This article presents the findings of a study that examined the rates and the consequences of exposure to community violence (ECV) as reflected in witnessing and experiencing such violence, among Palestinian adolescents from Israel. In particular, it examined the extent to which these adolescents exhibit high levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms as consequences of such exposure, and the extent to which self-efficacy and collective efficacy moderate these consequences. A systematic random sample of 760 Palestinian adolescents in Israel (320 boys, and 440 girls) filled out a self-administered questionnaire. The results show that most of the adolescents had witnessed community violence during the last year and during lifetime, and more than one third had directly experienced such violence during their lifetime compared with 19.6\% during the last year. Boys were exposed to community violence more often than girls. Moreover, participants{\textquoteright} ECV predicted high levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that collective efficacy moderated the correlation between experiencing community violence and internalizing symptoms, whereas self-efficacy moderated the correlation between witnessing community violence and externalizing symptoms. There is a need for providing support for youth from close adults as well as from formal and informal resources in the community before and after their ECV.},
	keywords = {Collective efficacy, experiencing community violence, Externalizing symptoms, Internalizing symptoms, Palestinian adolescents, self-efficacy, Witnessing community violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.021},
	author = {Darawshy, Neveen Ali Saleh and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {a7b805a1b12b4ee383e3681160e7802b,
	title = {Palestinian adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to community violence and internalizing and externalizing symptoms: Parental factors as mediators},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: Neveen Ali-Saleh Darawshy, MSW, is a Ph.D candidate at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel (email: Nevosh78@gmail.com ). Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia, pH.D., is Gordon Brown Chair and Professor of social work at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel (email: m.hajyahia@mail.huji.ac.il ). This article is part of a series of three articles that compose the first author{\textquoteright}s doctorate dissertation. The study has been partially funded by Faye Kaufman Memorial Prize and the Jean \& Fanny Tolkowsky-Gutman Foundation, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The authors would also like to extend their sincere gratitude to many students and faculty members at Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, Beit Berl College, and Sakhnin College for their invaluable help and support in collecting the data for this study. Furthermore, the authors would like extend their gratitude to Prof. Abigail Gewirtz, Prof. Miriam Schiff, and Prof. Danny Brom, Mrs. Ali-Saleh Darawshy{\textquoteright}s academic committee for her doctorate studies, for their constructive review of and insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd},
	pages = {397{\textendash}406},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: In this study, we examined the associations of parents{\textquoteright} and adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to community violence (CV) with externalizing and internalizing symptoms among adolescents aged 14{\textendash}18, and the mediating role of some parental factors in these relationships. The study was based on the secondary trauma perspective in explaining parents{\textquoteright} exposure to CV and its implications on their offspring. Method: Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by a semi-systematic random sample of 760 Palestinian parent-adolescent dyads from Israel. Results: The findings revealed that most of the Palestinian adolescents had witnessed CV, and more than one-third of them directly experienced such violence during their lifetime. Most of the parents had also witnessed such violence, and almost half of them directly experienced such violence during their lifetime. For parents and adolescents, greater exposure to CV was associated with more internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents. Additionally, results of path analysis indicate that parental stress mediated the correlation between the adolescents{\textquoteright} direct experience with CV and internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and it mediated the correlation of the parents{\textquoteright} direct experience with CV and internalizing and externalizing symptoms among their adolescent offspring. Conclusions: The strengths and limitations of the study and their implications for future research are discussed. The implications of the results for prevention and intervention are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Directly experiencing community violence, Internalizing and externalizing symptoms, Palestinian adolescents, Parental monitoring, Parental stress, Witnessing community violence},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.017},
	author = {Ali-Saleh Darawshy, Neveen and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {4b88cae7ed53490f83a4274fc10cf7de,
	title = {The Roles of Family and Teacher Support in Moderating and Mediating Externalized and Internalized Outcomes of Exposure to Community Violence Among Arab and Jewish Adolescents in Israel},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {62},
	number = {14},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by grants from the CRB Bronfman Foundation, the Sara Moses Fund, the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund, and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {4465{\textendash}4488},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The study examined family and teacher support as factors that can protect adolescents from internalized and externalized problems after exposure to community violence (ECV). Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by a sample of 1,832 Arab and Jewish Israeli high school students. The Arab adolescents reported significantly higher levels of community violence victimization, internalized problems, externalized problems, family support, and teacher support than the Jewish adolescents. The girls reported higher levels of internalized problems, and the boys reported higher levels of externalized problems. ECV predicted high levels of internalized and externalized problems, family support predicted low levels of internalized and externalized problems, and teacher support had no predictive role. Path analysis confirmed the significance of the relationships between ECV effects, support variables, and gender. The limitations of the study and implications of the findings for future research and for the development of family care and family intervention programs are discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab youth, children in Israel, Exposure to community violence, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, Jewish youth},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X18759624},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Becky Leshem and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {42b7e12bb76e4e11b08377a4906f8596,
	title = {Self-Efficacy and Collective Efficacy as Moderators of the Psychological Consequences of Exposure of Palestinian Parents in Israel to Community Violence},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {62},
	number = {13},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Funding Information: The authors would also like to extend their sincere gratitude to many students and faculty members at Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, Beit Berl College, and Sakhnin College for their invaluable help and support in collecting the data for this study. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study has been partially funded by Faye Kaufman Memorial Prize and the Jean \& Fanny Tolkowsky-Gutman Foundation, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/ or publication of this article: The study has been partially funded by Faye Kaufman Memorial Prize and the Jean \& Fanny Tolkowsky-Gutman Foundation, both at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.},
	pages = {4236{\textendash}4256},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This study examined the rates of exposure to community violence (ECV; that is, witnessing and directly experiencing violence) as well as the detrimental consequences of such exposure as reflected in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and a decline in psychological well-being (PWB) among parents. In addition, the study examined whether self-efficacy and collective efficacy moderate these consequences. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by a systematic random sample of 760 Palestinian parents in Israel. The findings indicate that most of them had witnessed such violence, and almost half of them had directly experienced such violence in their lifetime. The rates of ECV were higher for the fathers than the mothers. ECV was found to predict high levels of PTSS and low levels of PWB among parents. In addition, collective efficacy was found only to moderate the relationship between witnessing community violence and PTSS. There is a need to identify adults who are exposed to community violence, as well as to develop culturally adapted and sociopolitically sensitive therapeutic and preventive interventions and projects for provision of assistance following exposure to such violence.},
	keywords = {Collective efficacy, experiencing community violence, Palestinian parents, posttraumatic stress symptoms, Psychological Well-Being, self-efficacy, Witnessing community violence},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X18757616},
	author = {Ali-Saleh Darawshy, Neveen and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {e8b4bb9976e44bb5b06fd27bfeab8655,
	title = {Beliefs about wife beating among social work students in Taiwan},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {61},
	number = {9},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2015.},
	pages = {1038{\textendash}1062},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Based on an integrative framework, this study addresses the beliefs that a group of social work students from Taiwan had about wife beating. A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by 790 students (76.5\% female, 23.5\% male) spanning all 4 years of undergraduate studies. The results show that male students exhibited a greater tendency than their female counterparts to justify wife beating and to hold battered women responsible for violence against them. This tendency was also found among students who held traditional attitudes toward women, students who held patriarchal expectations of marriage, and students who had witnessed interparental violence in childhood. In addition, male students and students with traditional attitudes toward women exhibited the strongest tendency to believe that wives benefit from beating. Conversely, female students expressed more willingness than their male counterparts to help battered women, as did students who held liberal attitudes toward women and students who held egalitarian expectations of marriage. Furthermore, female students and those with liberal attitudes toward women tended to hold violent husbands responsible for their behavior, and to express support for punishing violent husbands. This article concludes with a discussion of the study{\textquoteright}s limitations and the results{\textquoteright} implications for future research on the topic.},
	keywords = {beliefs about wife beating, family violence, Intimate partner violence, Social Work Students, Taiwan, violence against women},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X15621898},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Shen, April Chiung Tao}
}
@article {c0c8e6c46c814e3c84574d69d11cc449,
	title = {Therapists{\textquoteright} Perceptions of Their Encounter with Sex Offenders},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {61},
	number = {10},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2016.},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {1151{\textendash}1170},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Despite the increasing interest in therapists{\textquoteright} responses to their encounter with sex offenders, there is a lack of research on their subjective perceptions of this encounter and on their experience working with this client population. The study presented in this article is part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among 19 social workers (12 were women and 7 were men; their ages ranged from 30 to 66 years; 15 of them were Jewish and 4 were Arab). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine their attitudes toward and perceptions of their encounter with sex offenders. The questions related to the therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions regarding motives for committing sex offenses, therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of sex offenders, therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of the victims of sex offenders, and therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of the nature of their professional role. In this article, emphasis is placed on the development and changes of the therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions following that encounter. The following five major domains of perceptions were revealed in the study: Therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of the offenders{\textquoteright} personal motives for committing sex offenses, therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of sex offenders, therapists{\textquoteright} perceptions of the experience of victimization, the process of changing perceptions, and the nature of the therapists{\textquoteright} role. The results are discussed in light of Ajzen{\textquoteright}s conceptualization of the process of acquiring beliefs. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research and for shaping the perceptions of therapists toward sex offenders are discussed.},
	keywords = {perceptions, sex offender therapists, sex offenders, sexual abuse},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X16629972},
	author = {Haneen Elias and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {5409fef858774c439061f3941bc1bea9,
	title = {Beliefs about wife beating among Palestinian women from Israel: The effect of their endorsement of patriarchal ideology},
	journal = {Feminism and Psychology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2016.},
	pages = {405{\textendash}425},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {This study examines the influence of patriarchal ideology on women{\textquoteright}s beliefs about wife beating. A convenience sample of 701 married Palestinian women from Israel was obtained, and a self-report questionnaire was administered. The findings revealed that large percentages of Palestinian women expressed some tendency to justify wife beating in certain instances. In addition, some of the participants expressed some tendency to blame battered women for violence against them, and to believe that they benefit from beating. As hypothesized, endorsing patriarchal ideology was found to influence all three beliefs about wife beating held by Palestinian women in Israel, over and above the amount of variance in the women{\textquoteright}s socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. age, education, employment, place of residence, and religion). The limitations of the study as well as the implications of the results for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab women, Attitudes, domestic violence, Intimate partner violence, Palestinian women, PATRIARCHY, violence against women, wife beating},
	issn = {0959-3535},
	doi = {10.1177/0959353516647071},
	author = {Amarat Zaatut and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {f505989258e04238954e60c634dbadf9,
	title = {The Role of Family and Teacher Support in Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Palestinian Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence},
	journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Funding Information: This research was supported by grants from the CRB Bronfman Foundation, the Sara Moses Fund, the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund, and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {488{\textendash}502},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted in recent decades on the mental health consequences of Palestinians{\textquoteright} exposure to military and political violence. Despite the alarming rates of Palestinian youth exposure to community violence (ECV), there is a serious dearth of research on the effects of this pattern of exposure. The current study focused on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Palestinian adolescents as a result of their ECV. The study also examines the ability of perceived support from family and teachers to moderate the relationship between ECV and PTSD symptoms, and the involvement of demographic and socioeconomic variables in explaining this development. A sample of 1930 Palestinian secondary school students, aged 12{\textendash}19, from the West Bank and East Jerusalem, answered questionnaires. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods, including SEM. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was predicted by past year ECV, family support, teacher support, residential density, parents{\textquoteright} education, age, and gender. SEM analysis validated additional relationship paths between variables. Results are discussed, suggesting future research with theoretical and practical implications.},
	keywords = {Community violence, family support, Palestinian adolescents, PTSD, Teacher support},
	issn = {1062-1024},
	doi = {10.1007/s10826-015-0226-3},
	author = {Becky Leshem and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {67c8f4c40800473c8fcc106ba9259bc0,
	title = {The characteristics of help seeking among Palestinian adolescents following exposure to community violence},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Funding Information: This research was supported by grants from the CRB Bronfman Foundation , the Sara Moses Fund , the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund , and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	pages = {1{\textendash}10},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objective: This study examines patterns of and barriers for help seeking after exposure to community violence (ECV) among Palestinian adolescents from theWest Bank and East Jerusalem. Method: Self-administrated questionnaireswere filled-out by a sample of 1930 Palestinian Junior andHigh school students. Participants reported on their ECV, choice of help agent, barriers for help seeking, perceived help experience, and sociodemographic factors. Results: Informal help agents were the first choice of 48\% of both male and female adolescents, 30\% of the boys and 20\% of the girls sought formal help, and 1.9\% of the participants sought only formal help. Positive help experience was best attributed to listening and giving advice, while confronting the help seeker led to the most adverse experience. Seeking help from multiple sources produced better help experience. The common reason for not seeking help by girls was feeling that talking wouldn{\textquoteright}t help. Boys did not seek help out of fear of disclosure and feeling that the problem would go away on its own. Conclusions: Palestinian adolescents{\textquoteright} help seeking patterns tend to confirm with those found in other populations. Study limitations and practical implications are discussed, and future studies are suggested.},
	keywords = {Barriers for help seeking, Community violence, help seeking, Palestinian adolescents},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.12.022},
	author = {Becky Leshem and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {476d7d14671e4480b017f74ebf388f51,
	title = {Exposure to Family Violence, Perceived Psychological Adjustment of Parents, and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Palestinian University Students},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {30},
	number = {16},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014, {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2014.},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2928{\textendash}2958},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between exposure to (i.e., witnessing and experiencing) different patterns and types of family violence during childhood, during adolescence, and during young adulthood, on one hand, and adult post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), on the other. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,969 Palestinian students using a self-administered questionnaire. The results reveal that the more the participants witnessed and experienced psychological aggression (PS) and physical violence (PH) in their families of origin, the more they exhibited PTSS. Furthermore, the results indicate that a significant amount of the variance in the participants{\textquoteright} PTSS could be attributed to their exposure to family violence, over and above the amounts of variance that were explained by their sociodemographic characteristics and by their perceptions of their parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {experiencing family violence, exposure to family violence, Palestinian family, Palestinian students, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), witnessing family violence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260514554288},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and David Bargal}
}
@article {7c4faa99dfd24ff4b30a0f186a205b7d,
	title = {The Influence of Palestinian Physicians{\textquoteright} Patriarchal Ideology and Exposure to Family Violence on Their Beliefs about Wife Beating},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Funding Information: The study was partially funded by the Ford Foundation, Cairo Branch, and conducted through the Bisan Center for Research and Development, Ramallah, The Palestinian Authority. Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia, Ph.D., earned his doctoral degree in social work from the University of Minnesota, and is currently Gordon Brown Chair and Professor of Social Work, at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. His research areas include: rates, risk factors, and mental health consequences of violence against women; beliefs of professionals, students, and ordinary people about wife beating; psychological effects of child abuse and neglect; child sexual abuse; children in war areas; mental health consequences of youth exposure to community violence; and the socio-cultural and socio-political contexts of child abuse and wife abuse. Cindy Sousa, PhD, MSW, MPH is an Assistant Professor at Bryn Mawr College{\textquoteright}s Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research. In her research, Cindy investigates the health effects of political and family violence, particularly how violence and resilience are dynamic, cumulative processes that simultaneously occur across multiple levels: individual, family, and community. Raghda Alnabilsy, MSW, Ph.D., is a lecturer at Sapir College and at Ruppin Academic Center in Israel. Here research interests are in womenhhod, girlhood, gender, and the Palestinian family in Israel. Haneen Elias, Ph.D., is a lecturer at the Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College. She received her Ph.D. from the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Her research interests focus on sex offenses, child abuse, and child sexual abuse. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {263{\textendash}276},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {The influence of Palestinian physicians{\textquoteright} patriarchal ideology (PAI) and exposure to family violence (EFV) on their beliefs about wife beating was examined. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 396 physicians. The results revealed that notable percentages of the physicians expressed some level of willingness to justify wife beating, tendency to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and that battered women are to blame for their beating. Nevertheless, between 27 and 59~\% of the physicians expressed some willingness to help battered women. The results also revealed that significant amounts of the variance in physicians{\textquoteright} beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their PAI and to their EFV during childhood and adolescence.The implications of the results for future research, theory development, and training of physicians are discussed.},
	keywords = {domestic violence, Health practitioners, Intimate partner violence, Patriarchal theory, social learning theory, violence against women},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/s10896-015-9671-4},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Cindy Sousa and Raghda Alnabilsy and Haneen Elias}
}
@article {95416fe5d31440ca803263ce8c6a4d95,
	title = {Exploring Adolescent Community Violence Exposure And Posttraumatic Stress Cross-Culturally In Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {47{\textendash}60},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss Inc.},
	abstract = {Adolescent community violence exposure (CVE) has been linked to posttraumatic stress (PTS) and has been found to vary by race and ethnicity. Little is known about the relationship between adolescent CVE and PTS across ethnic groups in an international context. Arab and Jewish high school students (n = 1571) in Israel completed self-report questionnaires. Jewish adolescents (n = 821) witnessed more community violence, while Arab adolescents (n = 750) were more likely to victimized in the community and endorse higher levels of PTS. Ethnicity was found to be a significant predictor of PTS when controlling for CVE using hierarchical multiple regression (accounting for 2\% of the variance in PTS). Ethnic affiliation did not moderate the relationship between CVE and PTS. These findings add to the small body of literature exploring cross-cultural differences in CVE and associated psychological distress. Further investigation of CVE and mental health cross-ethnically is warranted given the disparities in CVE and PTS rates.},
	issn = {0090-4392},
	doi = {10.1002/jcop.21593},
	author = {Klodnick, Vanessa Vorhies and Neil Guterman and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Becky Leshem}
}
@article {3388f8e33fd64a8fabc61a1aa901107b,
	title = {Parent-Child Value Similarity Across and Within Cultures},
	journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
	volume = {45},
	number = {6},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The work of the first author was supported by a grant from the Fondazione Ispirazione Onlus, Treviso, Italy. The Value of Children Project in Israel was supported by the German Research Council.},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {853{\textendash}867},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Normative socio-cultural influences may lead to parent-child value similarity over and above familial processes. Such influences, in which the mainstream position taken by people in a given culture leads to an average similarity between unrelated members of the culture, have been investigated for the most part by considering one country at a time. This has, however, left several questions open; among these is the question of whether parent-child value similarity is a matter of societal homogeneity in values. In an attempt to answer this query, the current study intends to examine the effect of the national and ethnic normative profiles, that is, groups{\textquoteright} average profiles, on parent-child value similarity, while assuming a cross-cultural perspective. It involves 212 mother-adolescent dyads from Northern Italy and 222 Jewish and Arab mother-adolescent dyads from Israel, all participants in the Value of Children (VOC) Study. In the more homogeneous value context of Italy, parent-child value similarity was strongly inflated by the broad socio-cultural context and can best be viewed as a general similarity to a national standard. On the contrary, in the less homogeneous context of Israel, when accounting for the effects of normative profiles, there was still similarity unique to a particular dyad: Mothers and children, especially from the Arab group, were similar to each other in those values which distinguish them from the other people in the country. All in all, the results help us to disentangle the origins and to interpret the actual meaning of detected parent-child value similarity.},
	keywords = {culture, groups{\textquoteright} average value profile, Parent-child value similarity},
	issn = {0022-0221},
	doi = {10.1177/0022022114530494},
	author = {Daniela Barni and Ariel Knafo and Asher Ben-Arieh and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@book {4a21c33a05f14ad5b9383e1798d29e98,
	title = {العنف والعلاقات الأسرية داخل المجتمع الفلسطيني في اسرائيل: النتائج الأساسية 2013},
	year = {2014},
	note = {في أعلى الباب: ركاز - بنك المعلومات عن الأقلية الفلسطينية في اسرائيل},
	publisher = {جمعية الجليل - الجمعية العربية القطرية للبحوث والخدمات الصحية،},
	organization = {جمعية الجليل - الجمعية العربية القطرية للبحوث والخدمات الصحية،},
	abstract = {اشتمل البحث على نحو 1775 أسرة من مناطق مختلِفة: الشمال، حيفا، المركَز والجنوب، آخذا بعين الاعتبار القرى غير المعترف بها والمدن المختلطة. وقد شملت العينة أيضا نساء متزوجات في حينه، ونساء سبق لهن الزواج، الأزواج والشباب (ذكور وإناث)، غير المتزوجين من سن 18 عاما حتى سن 44 عاما. تطرق البحث إلى مدى تعرض الأفراد إلى العنف من داخل العائلة، بالإضافة إلى تعرضهم إلى العنف من قِبل أشخاص من خارج الأسرة، مكان تعرضهم للعنف ونوع العنف الذي تعرضوا إليه، إضافة إلى آراء حول مسبِبات العنف المجتمعي بشكل عام وأسباب العنف ضد النساء من قبل أزواجهن وآراء المستطلعين حول كيفية مكافحة هذه الظاهرة. وقد تم عرض أهم النتائج في التقرير "العنف والعلاقات الأسرية داخل المجتمع الفلسطيني في إسرائيل"، من إعداد أحمد شيخ محمد، أميرة عراف، وسوسن رزق. - دأبت الجمعية على توفير قاعدة بيانات، حول هذه الظاهرة الخطيرة، التي باتت تقلق المجتمع العربي برمته؛ من أجل جمع المعلومات والاستفادة منها في فهم الظاهرة وآثارها وطرح الحلول والبرامج لمعالجتها. تطرق البحث إلى أشكال العنف المتعددة مثل العنف الجسدي، النفسي، الاقتصادي، المجتمعي، الجنسي والكلامي؛ وذلك من خلال استبيان واسع شمل 1700 أسرة عربية في كافة المناطق في البلاد. رافقت المشروع لجنة استشارية مهنية، شاركت فيها مجموعة من الباحثين في المجال، إضافة إلى ممثلين من أصحاب القرار والعديد من المؤسسات الأهلية العاملة في المجال. تم تطوير استمارة البحث بالتنسيق بين لجنة التوجيه وطاقِم مركز الإحصاء الفلسطيني، وتم تنفيذه خلال العام 2013.},
	isbn = {9789659082452},
	author = {محمد, أحمد الشيخ and حاج يحيى, محمد and سوسن رزق and أميرة عراف}
}
@article {53bb63c29a254e7eb999b932af3e7cc4,
	title = {Attitudes of Palestinian Physicians Toward Wife Abuse: Their Definitions, Perceptions of Causes, and Perceptions of Appropriate Interventions},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	volume = {19},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was partially funded by the Ford Foundation, Cairo Branch, and conducted through the Bisan Center for Research and Development, Ramallah, The Palestinian Authority.},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {376{\textendash}399},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents results from a larger survey, which examined the attitudes and perceptions of Palestinian physicians (N = 396) toward wife abuse. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire, with open-ended questions in which participants expressed their definitions of wife abuse, their perceptions of the causes of wife abuse, and their perceptions of appropriate interventions with wife abuse. The relevance of the sociocultural contexts of Palestinian society in particular and Arab societies in general to the participants{\textquoteright} responses is highlighted in the article. The limitations of the study as well as implications for theory development, future research, and professional training are discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab societies, domestic violence, health settings, Intimate partner violence, Palestinian physicians, wife abuse},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/1077801213486328},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {fd3074e94ec0437fbd40e60965bcc3ca,
	title = {Individual and Collective Dimensions of Resilience Within Political Violence},
	journal = {Trauma, Violence, and Abuse},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Funding Information: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded in part by NIMH Grant T32MH20010. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this article.},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {235{\textendash}254},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {Research has documented a link between political violence and the functioning of individuals and communities. Yet, despite the hardships that political violence creates, evidence suggests remarkable fortitude and resilience within both individuals and communities. Individual characteristics that appear to build resilience against political violence include demographic factors such as gender and age, and internal resources, such as hope, optimism, determination, and religious convictions. Research has also documented the protective influence of individuals{\textquoteright} connection to community and their involvement in work, school, or political action. Additionally, research on political violence and resilience has increasingly focused on communities themselves as a unit of analysis. Community resilience, like individual resilience, is a process supported by various traits, capacities, and emotional orientations toward hardship. This review addresses various findings related to both individual and community resilience within political violence and offers recommendations for research, practice, and policy.},
	keywords = {cultural contexts, memory and trauma, mental health and violence, violence exposure, War},
	issn = {1524-8380},
	doi = {10.1177/1524838013493520},
	author = {Sousa, Cindy A. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Guy Feldman and Jessica Lee}
}
@article {543dd9dbbc8d43a5bc68973374b47a7b,
	title = {Intimate Partner Violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Prevalence and Risk Factors},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {28},
	number = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Funding Information: Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Palestinian National Authority, Core Funding Group, and the Program in Health Disparities Research at the University of Minnesota.},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {797{\textendash}809},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {This paper presents results from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of married women (N = 3,500) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Interviews assessed the 12-month prevalence of participants{\textquoteright} exposure to psychological, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk factors including: demographic characteristics, several factors of marital relations, stressful life events, political violence, status inconsistency, family size, locality, region, help resources in the community, and locality-level acceptance of wife abuse. The prevalence estimates of IPV were: psychological aggression, 50 \% minor and 12 \% severe; physical assault, 17 \% minor and 6 \% severe; and sexual coercion, 4 \% minor and 6 \% severe. Results revealed that stressful life events, husbands{\textquoteright} controlling behavior, and marital conflicts were related to all forms of IPV (all p-values < 0.05). Greater locality-level acceptance of wife abuse was statistically associated with greater odds of each type of violence except sexual violence. The limitations and implications of the study for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Intimate partner violence, Middle East societies, Palestinian society, Prevalence of IPV, Risk Factors},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/s10896-013-9549-2},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Clark, Cari Jo}
}
@article {d7e81b42107542348f3dc828a373668f,
	title = {The Rates and Characteristics of the Exposure of Palestinian Youth to Community Violence},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {28},
	number = {11},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Funding Information: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by grants from the CRB Bronfman Foundation, the Sara Moses Fund, the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund, and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund.},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {2223{\textendash}2249},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents the results of a study that explored the rates and characteristics of exposure to community violence (CV) and its relevance to several sociodemographic factors among a sample of 1,930 Palestinian youth (1,018 girls and 912 boys), aged 12 to 19 years residing in diverse residential areas in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The frequency of boys{\textquoteright} exposure to CV during the previous 12 months was significantly higher than among girls. The frequency of witnessing CV during that period was higher than the frequency of personally experiencing CV, and exposure to mild CV incidents during that period was higher than the frequency of exposure to severe CV incidents during the same period, with no significant relationship to sociodemographic factors. Participants reported higher rates of witnessing most CV incidents outside of the neighborhood. Nonetheless, they reported higher rates of experiencing most incidents of CV inside the participants{\textquoteright} neighborhood. The implications of the results for theory development and future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Community violence, Palestinian children, Palestinian youth, sociodemographic characteristics},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260512475309},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Becky Leshem and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {c6d8dc668fa849e68f6390fa0a210a60,
	title = {חוויית השהות של נשים מוכות במקלט},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {197{\textendash}225},
	abstract = {שיטת המחקר: מחקר איכותני, ראיונות עומק פתוחים וחצי מובנים מחקר זה נועד ללמוד על תפיסתן הסובייקטיבית של נשים מוכות את חוויית השהות במקלט לנשים. המחקר נעשה בשיטה האיכותנית, והוא כלל ניתוח תוכן של ראיונות עומק חצי מובנים עם 18 נשים מוכות ממקלטים שונים בארץ. ממצאי המחקר מלמדים על ארבע תמות מרכזיות אשר מעצבות את חוויית השהות של הנשים במקלט: תפיסת האישה את התנסותה במקלט כארגון, חוויית האישה את עצמה ואת ניסיון חייה, חוויית האישה את קשריה עם נשים אחרות במקלט וחוויית האישה את קשריה עם הצוות המקצועי במקלט. חותם את המאמר דיון במגבלות המחקר והשלכות על פיתוח תיאוריה, על המחקר ועל טיפול בבעיית האלימות נגד נשים. (מתוך המאמר)},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {הילה כהן and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {8ae5c1b284a5494b95d08545b445f175,
	title = {ריאיון עם פרופ{\textquoteright} צבי איזיקוביץ{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {187{\textendash}195},
	abstract = {ביקשנו לראיין את פרופ{\textquoteright} צבי איזיקוביץ{\textquoteright} מבית הספר לעבודה סוציאלית וראש המרכז לחקר החברה באוניברסיטת חיפה. אנו רואים בצבי דמות מפתח בחקר האלימות במשפחה בישראל. לאורך שלושים השנים שבהן הוא חוקר, מלמד וכותב בתחום, היה פרופ{\textquoteright} איזיקוביץ חלוץ ומוביל דרך, תוך שהוא מעמיד דורות של תלמידים באקדמיה ובשדה, ותורם לעיצוב המדיניות הממשלתית בתחום האלימות במשפחה. הראיון התקיים במשרדו של פרופ{\textquoteright} איזיקוביץ, במרכז לחקר החברה, ב-5 ביולי 2012. בשל אורכו של הריאיון אנו מביאים את תמצית דבריו של פרופ{\textquoteright} איזיקוביץ על סוגיות מרכזיות בתחום. (מתוך המאמר)},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {עינת פלד and צבי איזיקוביץ and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@book {794cf0242a604c2d843047cef59bc4d7,
	title = {العنف ضد النساء في المجتمع الفلسطيني: عرض وتحليل لنتائج مسح العنف في المجتمع الفلسطيني، 2011},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {مفتاح},
	organization = {مفتاح},
	author = {حاج يحيى, محمد}
}
@article {05dae443778740799941531360e3b841,
	title = {Justification, Perception of Severity and Harm, and Criminalization of Wife Abuse in the Palestinian Society},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {27},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Funding Information: The authors received the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was partially funded by the Ford Foundation, Cairo Branch, and conducted through the Bisan Center for Research and Development, Ramallah, Palestinian Authority.},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1932{\textendash}1958},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of Palestinian adults toward different dimensions of wife abuse. A cross-sectional survey, using a combination of self-administered questionnaires and interviews, was conducted among a systematic random sample of 624 adult Palestinian men and women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip (18 years or older). Study results indicated a strong tendency to justify wife beating in different situations, such as when the wife is perceived as having an affair with another man or as physically attacking her husband. Participants considered the following acts of husband{\textquoteright}s violence against wife as most severe: using a weapon (86\%), having sex with the wife against her will (67\%), and hitting her with his fist (57\%). The majority of participants thought that wife beating should be considered a crime (82.3\%). Traditional marital role expectations was the main significant predictor for all of the study criterion variables. Gender, place of residence, age, and marital status were significant predictors of some of the criterion variables.},
	keywords = {criminalization of wife abuse, domestic violence, Intimate partner violence, perceptions of wife abuse, wife abuse in Palestinian society},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260511431433},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Wilson, Rula M. and Naqvi, Syed Agha M.}
}
@article {6f4a8565f53744569c6d38ef2dde0c82,
	title = {Contextualizing interventions with battered women in collectivist societies: Issues and controversies},
	journal = {Aggression and Violent Behavior},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {331{\textendash}339},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Several models and modalities of intervention with battered women have been developed over the past three decades. The common assumptions underlying these interventions include: violence and abuse are never appropriate in intimate relationships; battered women have a non-negotiable right to safety; the women{\textquoteright}s strengths and competencies should be emphasized rather than their weaknesses and problems; and battered women should be helped to understand how the social and familial contexts in which they are considered inferior citizens and family members contribute to violence against them. These interventions, as well as the principles and philosophies that underlie them, have been developed and implemented in individualistic, Western, and post-industrial societies. Hence, their suitability for implementation among battered women from collectivist and less developed societies has been called into question. In this article, the conceptual framework proposed by Triandis, Brislin, and Hui (1988) is used as the basis for exploring the characteristics of collectivist societies and their relevance to interventions with battered women. In addition, some issues, controversies, and dilemmas that can arise in those interventions are discussed. The article concludes with an epilogue that provides suggestions for further research on these issues and controversies.},
	keywords = {Battered women, Collectivist societies, domestic violence, Intimate partner violence, Issues of intervention, violence against women},
	issn = {1359-1789},
	doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.005},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {cc8c266696884bbb8661a0978cb119ca,
	title = {Exposure to community violence among Arab youth in Israel: Rates and characteristics},
	journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {136{\textendash}151},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss Inc.},
	abstract = {The research explored the rates and characteristics of exposure to community violence (CV) and its relevance to several sociodemographic factors among a sample of 833 Arab youth aged 14-18 years residing in diverse residential areas in Israel. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The frequency of exposure to CV during the past 12 months correlated significantly with the children{\textquoteright}s gender. The frequency of witnessing CV during that period was higher than the frequency of personally experiencing CV, and exposure to mild CV incidents during that period was higher than the frequency of exposure to severe CV incidents during the same period, with no significant relationship to sociodemographic factors. Participants reported higher rates of exposure to most CV incidents outside of the neighborhood; however, exposure to beating was higher inside the participants{\textquoteright} neighborhood. Moreover, the highest overall rate of exposure to CV was at school.},
	issn = {0090-4392},
	doi = {10.1002/jcop.20423},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Becky Leshem and Neil Guterman}
}
@article {af5c5751c6784e35b4d969fe5dba8cbd,
	title = {Putting context into a cultural perspective: examining Arab and Jewish adolescents{\textquoteright} judgments and reasoning about spousal retribution},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {584{\textendash}602},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {In this study, we examined what contextual factors influence adolescents{\textquoteright} judgments and reasoning about spousal retribution. Adolescents were drawn from Central and Northern Israel and consisted of 2,324 Arab and Jewish students (Grades 7-11). The study was set up in a 2 (Arab/Jewish respondent) {\texttimes} 2 (spousal retribution scenarios) factorial design. Our findings suggest that societal and cultural norms may be more powerful contextual variables than group stereotypes in influencing Arab and Jewish adolescents{\textquoteright} evaluations of spousal retribution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.},
	keywords = {adolescents, culture, retribution, spousal violence, stereotypes},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/1077801211407447},
	author = {Pitner, Ronald O. and Astor, Ron Avi and Rami Benbenishty and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Anat Zeira}
}
@article {7fd2bd7e57ce4b0fbc19b87f383c1e1c,
	title = {Toward an integrative theoretical framework for explaining beliefs about wife beating: A study among students of nursing from Turkey},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {26},
	number = {7},
	year = {2011},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1401{\textendash}1431},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {An integrative theoretical framework was tested as the basis for explaining beliefs about wife beating among Turkish nursing students. Based on a survey design, 406 nursing students (404 females) in all 4 years of undergraduate studies completed a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed and collected from the participants during their attendance of core courses. The results revealed that between 8\% and 27\% of the students expressed some level of willingness to justify wife beating, between 8\% and 11\% showed a tendency to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 10\% and about 29\% indicated that battered women are responsible for their beating. However, more than 88\% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, more than 63\% of them indicated that violent husbands are responsible for their behavior, and about 28\% or more showed a tendency to support punishing violent husbands. The results also indicated that significant amounts of the variance in the students{\textquoteright} beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology, to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence, and to their traumatic symptoms. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research on the topic. Emphasis is placed on developing a more integrative theoretical approach for explaining beliefs about wife beating, and on the professional socialization of nursing students.},
	keywords = {beliefs about wife beating, integrative theory of domestic violence, nursing students from Turkey, students of nursing, violence against women},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260510369135},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Aynur Uysal}
}
@article {96854fa4999f49a683ede7c5dba4fb56,
	title = {מאפייני החשיפה של בני נוער יהודים בישראל לאלימות בקהילה וזיקתם למשתנים דמוגרפיים ולמשתני תמיכה},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה; רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {לא},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {61{\textendash}90},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {רבקה לשם and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא and ניל גוטרמן}
}
@article {463d43d838f04ba2948c1280d701c03d,
	title = {מאפייני החשיפה של בני נוער יהודים בישראל לאלימות בקהילה וזיקתם למשתנים דמוגרפיים ולמשתני תמיכה},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {61{\textendash}90},
	abstract = {המאמר מציג ממצאי מחקר שבדק את הממדים ואת המאפיינים של חשיפת בני נוער בישראל לאלימות בקהילה, וזיקתם למשתנים דמוגרפיים ולמשתני תמיכה שונים. המחקר בדק את השאלות הבאות: מהם הממדים והמאפיינים של חשיפה (התנסות אישית ועדות) של בני נוער יהודים בישראל לדפוסים שונים של אלימות בקהילה, ומהי זיקתה של חשיפה זו לגיל ולמגדר. האם יש קשר בין מידת התמיכה שבני הנוער מקבלים מהוריהם וממוריהם לבין מידת חשיפתם לאלימות בקהילה? מרבית הנבדקים (\%97) דיווחו על חשיפה לאלימות בקהילה במהלך חייהם. נמצא כי בנים נחשפים לאלימות בקהילה יותר מבנות. תדירות העדות לאלימות בקהילה נמצאה גבוהה מתדירות ההתנסות האישית. תדירות החשיפה לאירועי אלימות קלים נמצאה גבוהה מתדירות החשיפה לאירועי אלימות חמורים. לא נמצאו קשרים מובהקים בין חשיפה והתנסות באלימות בקהילה למאפיינים דמוגרפיים וחברתיים-כלכליים של המשתתפים. נמצא כי בכל הסוגים והעוצמות של אלימות היתה רמת החשיפה הגבוהה ביותר מחוץ לשכונה, למעט רמת החשיפה למכות, שהיתה גבוהה יותר בבתי הספר. בניתוח רב-משתני נמצא כי בנות צעירות שנהנו יותר מתמיכה משפחתית ומתמיכת מורים, דיווחו על רמות נמוכות יותר של חשיפה לאלימות בקהילה. במאמר נדונות ההשלכות של ממצאי המחקר על מחקרים עתידיים, ועל פיתוח תיאוריה בתחום חשיפת בני נוער לאלימות בקהילה. (מתוך המאמר)},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {בקי לשם and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא and ניל גוטרמן}
}
@article {385b2686d3c2486e94afc511b90a7205,
	title = {Association between exposure to political violence and intimate-partner violence in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study},
	journal = {The Lancet},
	volume = {375},
	number = {9711},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Funding Information: We thank the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics for data collection. Financial support for the design and undertaking of the Domestic Violence Survey, the data on which this analysis was based, was provided by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and the Core Funding Group represented by the Representative Office of Norway to PNA, the Representative Office of Netherlands to PNA, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the UK Department for International Development, the European Commission, and the World Bank. CJC and SAE-R were supported by the Program in Health Disparities Research at the University of Minnesota for the secondary data analysis.},
	pages = {310{\textendash}316},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Intimate-partner violence might increase during and after exposure to collective violence. We assessed whether political violence was associated with male-to-female intimate-partner violence in the occupied Palestinian territory. Methods: A nationally representative, cross-sectional survey was done between Dec 18, 2005, and Jan 18, 2006, by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. 4156 households were randomly selected with a multistage random cluster design, from which 3815 ever-married women aged 15-64 years were identified. We restricted our analysis to presently married women (n=3510, 92\% participation rate), who completed a short version of the revised conflict tactics scales and exposure to political violence inventory. Exposure to political violence was characterised as the husband{\textquoteright}s direct exposure, his indirect exposure via his family{\textquoteright}s experiences, and economic effects of exposure on the household. We used adjusted multinomial logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for association between political violence and intimate-partner violence. Findings: Political violence was significantly related to higher odds of intimate-partner violence. ORs were 1{\textperiodcentered}89 (95\% CI 1{\textperiodcentered}29-2{\textperiodcentered}76) for physical and 2{\textperiodcentered}23 (1{\textperiodcentered}49-3{\textperiodcentered}35) for sexual intimate-partner violence in respondents whose husbands were directly exposed to political violence compared with those whose husbands were not directly exposed. For women whose husbands were indirectly exposed, ORs were 1{\textperiodcentered}61 (1{\textperiodcentered}25-2{\textperiodcentered}07) for physical and 1{\textperiodcentered}97 (1{\textperiodcentered}49-2-60) for sexual violence, compared with those whose husbands were not indirectly exposed. Economic effects of exposure were associated with increased odds of intimate-partner violence in the Gaza Strip only. Interpretation: Because exposure to political violence is associated with increased odds of intimate-partner violence, and exposure to many traumas is associated with poor health, a range of violent exposures should be assessed when establishing the need for psychosocial interventions in conflict settings. Funding: Palestinian National Authority, Core Funding Group, Program in Health Disparities Research at the University of Minnesota.},
	issn = {0140-6736},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61827-4},
	author = {Clark, Cari Jo and Everson-Rose, Susan A. and Suglia, Shakira Franco and Rula Btoush and Alvaro Alonso and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@inbook {430ad995ed7444539bea9179cc6a2aeb,
	title = {Community violence exposure and its effects},
	booktitle = {Mental Health and Social Problems},
	year = {2010},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {225{\textendash}256},
	publisher = {Routledge Taylor \& Francis Group},
	organization = {Routledge Taylor \& Francis Group},
	isbn = {0203840607},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203840603},
	author = {Vanessa Vorhies and Guterman, Neil B. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {ef9ff393b1fe4e8988facf4147fe1b81,
	title = {Help-Seeking and Internal Obstacles to Receiving Support in the Wake of Community Violence Exposure: The Case of Arab and Jewish Adolescents in Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
	volume = {19},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Funding Information: Acknowledgments This research was supported by grants from the C.R.B. Bronfman Foundation, the Sara Moses Fund, the Sondra and Chen Feldman Fund, and the Milton Rosenbaum Fund.},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {687{\textendash}696},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {We examined help-seeking and internal obstacles to receiving psychosocial support in the wake of community violence exposure in a sample of 1,835 Arab and Jewish adolescents living in Israel. Paper and pencil surveys conducted in schools examined adolescents{\textquoteright} personal victimization and witnessing of community violence in the past year, and then queried adolescents about their help-seeking after violence exposure. Our findings indicated widespread exposure to community violence, particularly for the Arab respondents. Only one in three Arab and one in four Jewish adolescents reported seeking help from anyone to cope with such experiences following their violence exposure, and only rarely did adolescents seek help from a mental health professional (one in twenty for Jewish and one in nine for Arab adolescents). Adolescents across both samples indicated a variety of internal obstacles that might explain their lack of seeking help to cope with violence exposure, including cognitive minimization of the event, deliberately maintaining the secrecy of the event, wishing to maintain their autonomy, and failing to believe in the efficacy of seeking help from others. Such findings shed light on the difficult challenges to providing professional support to adolescents when they are exposed to community violence, and suggest that such challenges, while varying to a degree across cultures, are also prevalent across cultures.},
	keywords = {adolescents, Community violence, help-seeking, Mental health sequelae},
	issn = {1062-1024},
	doi = {10.1007/s10826-010-9355-x},
	author = {Guterman, Neil B. and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Vanessa Vorhies and Leyla Ismayilova and Becky Leshem}
}
@article {d3ff2e1955614f7aa1509ca5b3ebf278,
	title = {Intimate-partner violence in Gaza and the West Bank - Authors{\textquoteright} reply},
	journal = {The Lancet},
	volume = {375},
	number = {9722},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1252{\textendash}1253},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0140-6736},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60538-7},
	author = {Clark, Cari Jo and Everson-Rose, Susan A. and Suglia, Shakira Franco and Rula Btoush and Alvaro Alonso and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {c59aa5b406ba440b8337aaea789d5967,
	title = {Learning and supervisory styles in the training of social workers},
	journal = {The Clinical Supervisor},
	volume = {29},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Funding Information: This research was funded through grants by the Milton Rosenbaum, the Bertha Kaplan, and the Lucy and Salim Halabi Foundations.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {68{\textendash}94},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {This research investigated the learning and supervisory styles among a population of supervisors (N = 133) and social work trainees (N = 333). Using Kolb{\textquoteright}s Learning Style Index, the study looked at the ways learning styles change over the course of a three-year BSW program, distribution of supervisory styles among the fieldwork supervisors, and similarities and differences in styles between the two respective groups. The approaches used by supervisors to adjust their style to accommodate the learning needs of individual supervisees were also investigated. The findings allow us to infer that the learning styles of the students are more varied among themselves upon the commencement of studies than upon completion of the social work degree. The supervisees tend to move toward the styles that are prevalent among social workers. Almost all of the supervisors exhibit styles congruent with the styles typically found among social workers. In addition, supervisors tend to stick to their "natural" supervision style irregardless of the learning style of the specific supervisee. However, in the instances in which adjustments were made, the supervisors favored a certain degree of contrast between their supervisory style and the learning style of the supervisee in the supervisory dyad. The limitations of the study as well as the implications of its results for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Learning and supervisory styles, Supervision},
	issn = {0732-5223},
	doi = {10.1080/07325221003742066},
	author = {Lauren Wolfsfeld and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {41ba2bafdaa44f7281d25abdc3b90982,
	title = {Palestinian physicians{\textquoteright} misconceptions about and approval of wife abuse},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {25},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {416{\textendash}442},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents the results of a study that examined Palestinian physicians{\textquoteright} misconceptions about abused wives and abusive husbands and the extent to which Palestinian physicians approve of wife abuse. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 396 physicians. The results revealed that between 10\% and 49\% of the Palestinian physicians held misconceptions about abused wives and between 15\% and 63\% held misconceptions about abusive husbands. The findings also revealed that substantial percentages of physicians tended to approve of moderate and severe violence against wives. Significant amounts of the variance in the physicians{\textquoteright} approval of moderate and severe wife abuse can be attributed to their exposure to family violence and to their patriarchal ideology-variance over and above that which can be explained by the physicians{\textquoteright} sociodemographic characteristics. The limitations of the study are discussed, as are the implications of the results for future research and theory development on the approaches of professionals toward wife abuse.},
	keywords = {domestic violence, Intimate partner violence, Palestinian physicians, wife abuse, wife beating},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260509334408},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {314511dc84484d95ba0b3b54b1c7420c,
	title = {The politics of mourning in Cyprus and Israel: Educational implications},
	journal = {Compare},
	volume = {40},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {561{\textendash}574},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {10.1 This paper suggests the need for a critical analysis of the nationalization of mourning and its educational implications, especially in conflict-ridden areas. Our thoughts are grounded in a comparative study on mourning that has been conducted as part of our long-standing ethnographic research in schools in Cyprus and Israel during the last 10 years. Through this study on mourning, we highlight two ideas. First, we want to show how a comparison of our studies in Cyprus and Israel highlights the difficulties for alternative interpretations to be translated into educational policies and teacher practices in the absence of changes in political structures. Second, we want to show that despite the forces that nationalize mourning, there are educational openings for alternative interpretations about mourning and the encouragement of reconciliation pedagogies. To this end, the education literature on teaching controversial issues and examples of pedagogies for reconciliation might be relevant to provide concrete ideas for education theory, policy and practice on issues of mourning.},
	keywords = {Comparative education, Controversial issues, Mourning, Politics, Reconciliation pedagogies},
	issn = {0305-7925},
	doi = {10.1080/03057920902913917},
	author = {Michalinos Zembylas and Zvi Bekerman and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Nader Schaade}
}
@article {000d3e98ffbb4e6cbb6837409cedd710,
	title = {Divorce is a part of my life... Resilience, survival, and vulnerability: Young adults{\textquoteright} perception of the implications of parental divorce},
	journal = {Journal of Marital and Family Therapy},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {30{\textendash}46},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	abstract = {A qualitative study among 22 young adults (20-25 years old) whose parents divorced during their childhood was conducted in Israel, using semi-structured, in-depth, open-ended interviews. Qualitative data analysis led to identification of three profiles, aiming at a grounded theoretical conceptualization. Three core themes were identified: the centrality of the family; short- and long-term implications of parental divorce and its relations to supportive coping resources; and perspective at young adulthood. Further analysis led to typifying participants by three profiles, which represent the grounded theoretical conceptualizations: resilience, survival, and vulnerability. The most prominent difference among the profiles was the relationships between participants and their parents, and their perception of ongoing parental responsibility. A thorough discussion of the results and their implications for future research, theory development, and practice are presented.},
	issn = {0194-472X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00094.x},
	author = {Dorit Eldar-Avidan and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W.}
}
@article {06885230e8c9426682bd65d55636adf3,
	title = {On the lived experience of battered women residing in shelters},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {95{\textendash}109},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {We present a qualitative study of battered women, which examined their experiences while staying at shelters. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 battered women staying at shelters. The interviews elicited four main themes: the women{\textquoteright}s perceptions of the shelter; the woman{\textquoteright}s perceptions of herself and her life experiences; the woman{\textquoteright}s perceptions of her relations with other battered women at the shelter; and the woman{\textquoteright}s perceptions of her relations with the staff of the shelter. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the study, implications for future research, implications for theory development, and implications for therapy and intervention with the problem of wife battering.},
	keywords = {Lived experience, shelters for battered women, Staying at a shelter, Wife battering},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/s10896-008-9214-3},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Cohen, Hilla Chaya}
}
@article {47befd210c414b28b0228025706f1fd2,
	title = {Posttraumatic stress disorder among Sri Lankan University students as a consequence of their exposure to family violence},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {24},
	number = {12},
	year = {2009},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2018{\textendash}2038},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents the results of a study on the association between exposure to family violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence) during childhood and adolescence and adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study was conducted among a self-selected convenience sample of 476 students from Sri Lanka, using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicate that the more participants witnessed interparental violence and the more they experienced parental violence, the more they exhibited PTSD symptoms. Moreover, the findings reveal that participants{\textquoteright} exposure to family violence explains a significant amount of the variance in their PTSD over and above the variance that can be attributed to their sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, number of siblings, and family{\textquoteright}s socioeconomic status) and to their perceptions of the environment and functioning of their families. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Effects of family violence, experiencing parental violence, exposure to family violence, family violence, PTSD, Sri Lankan students, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260508327699},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Orya Tishby and de Zoysa, Piyanjali}
}
@article {931f0943f58644ab822602c884669f28,
	title = {Posttraumatic symptoms, functional impairment, and coping among adolescents on both sides of the israeli-palestinian conflict: A cross-cultural approach},
	journal = {Applied Psychology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {688{\textendash}708},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {This study assessed the effects of the ongoing violence on the mental health of Palestinian and Israeli youths. Parallel instruments were developed and adapted, as part of a collaborative project, in order to assess, in each society: (1) differential rates of exposure to the conflict, (2) the association between exposure and the severity of posttraumatic symptoms (PTS), and (3) the inter-relationships among PTS, functional impairment, somatic complaints, and coping strategies. Participants were 1,016 Israeli and 1,235 Palestinian adolescents. A self-report questionnaire assessed exposure. PTS was measured using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, functional impairment and somatic complaints were measured with the DISC, and coping strategies were assessed with Brief Cope. In both societies, greater exposure to conflict-related violence was associated with more PTS and more somatic complaints, with girls reporting more distress than boys. A total of 6.8 per cent of the Israeli students and 37.2 per cent of the Palestinian students met criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In both societies, but more pronounced in the Palestinian Authority, adolescents reported significant levels of functional impairment, mainly in the area of school functioning. Students with PTSD reported more somatic complaints as well as greater functional impairment.},
	issn = {0269-994X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00372.x},
	author = {Ruth Pat-Horenczyk and Radwan Qasrawi and Roseanne Lesack and Muhammad Haj-Yahia and Osnat Peled and Mohammed Shaheen and Rony Berger and Danny Brom and Randi Garber and Ziad Abdeen}
}
@inbook {e3f8308205994e799db6ed58a4d1160c,
	title = {The significance of Islam for coping with loss and bereavement: Palestinian children killed in Israel},
	booktitle = {Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion},
	series = {Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {239{\textendash}265},
	publisher = {Entomological Society of Canada},
	organization = {Entomological Society of Canada},
	address = {Canada},
	abstract = {In this paper, we characterize the significance of the Moslem religion for coping with loss and bereavement, with an in-depth, semi-structured interview study conducted among twelve Palestinian families in Israel after the deaths of their sons, killed during the October 2000 events. Results revealed five religious coping patterns that assisted the families to cope with the death of their sons, who are perceived by them, based on Islamic beliefs, as Shahids (martyrs). These are: The religious meaning of Shahid; Attributing death to an external power; The Koran as a reservoir; The victim as living Shahid; and The concept of God the merciful. Implications of the results for intervention as well as for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Islam and coping, Loss and bereavement, Moslem, October 2000, Palestinian families, State victims, Trauma and politics},
	doi = {10.1163/ej.9789004175624.i-334.82},
	author = {Nader Shhadi and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Zvi Bekerman},
	editor = {Piedmont, Ralph L. and Andrew Village}
}
@book {71fc1cadd8bd49dba085b606e129af01,
	title = {اساءة معاملة الطلبة في المدارس},
	year = {2009},
	note = {العنوان على الغلاف},
	publisher = {الحركة العالمية للدفاع عن الاطفال، فرع فلسطين},
	organization = {الحركة العالمية للدفاع عن الاطفال، فرع فلسطين},
	author = {حاج يحيى, محمد}
}
@article {2d9036bc15e641b489d5f10ea3e17940,
	title = {Attitudes of Jordanian society toward wife abuse},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {23},
	number = {11},
	year = {2008},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1531{\textendash}1554},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The authors conducted an exploratory study among a convenience sample of 260 Jordanian men and women, using self-administered open and closed questions to examine the participants{\textquoteright} approach toward wife abuse. In general, there was high awareness of wife abuse and the different types of abuse (mainly physical and psychological), a general tendency to oppose wife abuse, a tendency to blame the victim for abuse, and a lesser tendency to blame the abuse on the husband, marital problems, as well as familial and societal conditions. There was also a strong tendency to consider wife abuse a personal and familial issue rather than a social and legal problem. Therefore, the preferred method for coping with wife abuse and violence was the expectation that the abused wife should change her behavior and assume responsibility to change her husband followed by resorting to informal agents (family or community or religious figures). Less preferred coping methods included confronting the husband and expressing desire to break up or separate and resorting to formal agents (social welfare programs, counseling, legal system), as a last resort in cases of repeated abuse and severe physical violence. The implications of these findings for future research, interventions, and policy formulation are discussed.},
	keywords = {Attitudes toward wife abuse, Jordanian society, violence against women, wife abuse},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260508314313},
	author = {Rula Btoush and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {3b905251e16c42e6ba65696d06e054a9,
	title = {Attitudes of Palestinian pre-school teachers from Israel towards reporting of suspected cases of child abuse and neglect},
	journal = {Child and Family Social Work},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {378{\textendash}390},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {The paper documents a study conducted among 225 Palestinian pre-school teachers from Israel. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire that examined the teachers{\textquoteright} attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect. In general, the participants{\textquoteright} attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect to the child protection services (CPS) were more positive than their attitudes towards reporting to the police. Willingness to report suspected cases of child sexual abuse to the police and CPS was higher than willingness to report other types of child abuse and neglect. Inconsistent results were revealed with regard to how awareness of reporting regulations and awareness of signs and risk factors for child maltreatment affect willingness to report to CPS and to the police. A comprehensive discussion of the possible relevance of the participants{\textquoteright} socio-cultural and sociopolitical values to their attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect is presented. The implications of the results for future studies are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Child abuse and neglect, Child maltreatment, Pre-school teachers, Reporting cases of child maltreatment},
	issn = {1356-7500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00562.x},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz}
}
@article {55ca8de8430641c1b3f8e9084c826f93,
	title = {Beliefs about wife beating among medical students from Turkey},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {119{\textendash}133},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {The paper presents a study conducted among 173 Turkish medical students, which examined their beliefs about wife beating through a self-administered questionnaire. An integrative conceptual framework was tested as the basis for explaining the students{\textquoteright} beliefs. The results revealed that between 4.5 and 38.7\% of the participants justified wife beating, between 3.5 and 5.3\% of them tended to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 4.7 and 28.5\% of them tended to believe that battered women are responsible for their beating. In addition, between 68.4 and 90.6\% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, and although nearly half of them perceived the violent husbands as responsible for their behavior, only about one-quarter of them supported punishing violent husbands. The results also indicate that significant amounts of the variance in students{\textquoteright} beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology toward family life and to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research, theory development, and training of medical students.},
	keywords = {Battered women, domestic violence, Integrative theory, Students from Turkey, Students of medicine, wife beating},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/s10896-007-9134-7},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Aynur Uysal}
}
@inbook {38ee6f12d63f408e861d4b29a5843ebf,
	title = {Community violence},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Work},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {4 volumes (various pagings)},
	pages = {398{\textendash}402},
	publisher = {Oxford Univerisity Press},
	organization = {Oxford Univerisity Press},
	edition = {20th},
	isbn = {9780195306613},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M and Guterman, Neil B.},
	editor = {Terry Mizrahi and Davis, Larry E.}
}
@article {e89fff845d71471ab8aa467b4a546f84,
	title = {Corporal punishment of children: A multi-generational perspective},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {23},
	number = {8},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Funding Information: 1The Value of Children project was supported by the German Research Council and was conducted in Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, and Turkey. The principal investigators for the overall project were Bernhard Nauck and Gisela Trommsdorf.},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {687{\textendash}695},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {This paper presents a study on the self-reported usage and attitudes toward corporal punishment (CP) by a four generation sample of Jewish families in Jerusalem. The study included 655 participants: 200 adolescents, 208 young mothers, 199 old mothers, and 48 grandmothers, and tested for inter-generational and familial role differences. Results have shown that participants{\textquoteright} attitudes toward CP correlates significantly with age group; however, it does not correlate with family role. Implications of the results for practitioners who seek to reduce usage of CP are suggested.},
	keywords = {Corporal punishment, Family role, Inter-generational, Multi-generational},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/s10896-008-9193-4},
	author = {Asher Ben-Arieh and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {0d3e198d8d324e4f92aa12ac7bb28c96,
	title = {Issues in intervention with battered women in collectivist societies},
	journal = {Journal of Marital and Family Therapy},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {1{\textendash}13},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	abstract = {Over the past three decades, several models for individual and group intervention with battered women have been developed. The common assumption underlying all of these models is that violence and abuse are never appropriate in an intimate relationship, and that battered women have a basic right to safety, which is not negotiable. Because almost all of those models were developed in the individualistic contexts of Western societies, some questions and concerns have been raised as to their suitability for intervention with battered women in collectivist contexts. In this article, we explore the characteristics of collectivist societies based on the conceptual framework of Triandis, Brislin, and Hui, (1988) which focuses on five dimensions: the self, attitudes, values, activities, and behaviors. Furthermore, we explore each of those dimensions and their relevance to various aspects of wife abuse in collectivist societies, such as the way that battered women cope with violence against them, and possibilities for professional intervention.},
	issn = {0194-472X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00049.x},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Elisheva Sadan}
}
@article {0af6f4bcbc66442db5b29b2d1ee31428,
	title = {Mental health consequences of palestinian adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to family violence},
	journal = {Journal of Loss and Trauma},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Funding Information: This article is based on a study conducted jointly by the two authors, which was partially supported by a grant from the Novah Mitchell Fund. A portion of the project served as the basis for Rula Abdo-Kaloti{\textquoteright}s MSW thesis.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {1{\textendash}41},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {This study examined the psychological consequences of adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to psychological abuse and physical violence in the family. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 1,185 Palestinian adolescents. Different forms of the Conflict Tactic Scales were used to measure adolescents{\textquoteright} witnessing and experiencing different patterns of abuse and violence in their families. The Youth Self Report was used to measure several psychological states. The questionnaire also included items concerning the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their families, parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems, and family exposure to political stressors. The results revealed that significant amounts of the variance in participants{\textquoteright} withdrawal, somatization, anxiety and depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior could be attributed to their exposure to both abuse and violence in childhood as well as adolescence, over and above the variance in each of these psychological states attributable to sociodemographic characteristics, parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems, and family exposure to political stressors. We discuss the limitations of the study and implications for future research.},
	issn = {1532-5024},
	doi = {10.1080/15325020701429130},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Rula Abdo-Kaloti}
}
@article {29ad3d9254b04716af33eb942d1d4bb3,
	title = {Money matters: Young adults{\textquoteright} perception of the economic consequences of their parents{\textquoteright} divorce},
	journal = {Journal of Family and Economic Issues},
	volume = {29},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Funding Information: Acknowledgements This paper is based on some of the results presented in Dr. Dorit Eldar-Avidan{\textquoteright}s Ph.D. dissertation project. The study was partially funded by the Miriam Pelton Fund, the Henry Zucker Fund, the Martin and Vivian Levin Center for the Normal and Psychopathological Development of the Child and Adolescent (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and by a scholarship from the Ministry of Social Affairs in Israel.},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {74{\textendash}85},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing AG},
	abstract = {A qualitative study examined the perceptions of 22 Israeli young adults (ages 20-25) of childhood parental divorce. Respondents discussed their experiences, including economic consequences of the divorce. Results related to the practical aspect of economic decline, to economic issues as embodiment of parental conflicts, and to children{\textquoteright}s emotional and practical roles connected to economic changes. Children{\textquoteright}s understanding and coping with financial issues are related to three profiles of overall adjustment identified in this study-resilience, survival, and vulnerability. Resilient young adults interpreted as empowering their understanding and coping; the survivors recognized their efforts as meaningful but burdensome; and vulnerable participants felt that economic changes caused a heavy financial and emotional price. Limitations and implications are discussed.},
	keywords = {Child support, Children of divorce, Consequences of divorce, Parent-child relations, Resilience},
	issn = {1058-0476},
	doi = {10.1007/s10834-007-9093-4},
	author = {Dorit Eldar-Avidan and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W.}
}
@article {56c7bbfbf6494554af16afa087a8e9fa,
	title = {Political violence in retrospect: Its effect on the mental health of Palestinian adolescents},
	journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
	volume = {32},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {283{\textendash}289},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {The aim of this study has been to examine the effect of retrospective report of political violence during the first Intifada (1987-1993) on psychological adjustment of 1185 Palestinian adolescents (10th to 12th graders) seven years after the first Intifada had ended. Analysis of the inter-relations was conducted between self-reported measures of political violence, socio-demographic characteristics, perceived parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems and internalizing (i.e., somatization, withdrawal, anxiety, and depression) and externalizing (i.e., thought, attention and social problems, delinquent and aggressive behaviors) symptoms. It showed the significant net effect of retrospectively reported exposure to political violence on both internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms over and above the effect of socio-demographic characteristics and perceived parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems. The discussion addresses the meaning of these results in light of the conceptual and methodological limitations of this study.},
	keywords = {Exposure to political violence, First Palestinian Intifada, Long-term effects of political violence, Mental health consequences of political violence, Palestinian children and adolescents},
	issn = {0165-0254},
	doi = {10.1177/0165025408090971},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {1016237740f448fd9141603f26f510d3,
	title = {Rates and psychological effects of exposure to family violence among Sri Lankan university students},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {32},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Funding Information: Entry of the study data was partially supported by the Research Group on Mental Health and Well-Being in Childhood and Adolescence, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare.},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {994{\textendash}1002},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: The study had two objectives: to examine the rates of exposure to family violence among students in a non-Western society, with Sri Lanka as a case study and to examine the psychological effects of their exposure. Method: Four hundred seventy six medical students in Sri Lanka were surveyed. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized, which included two forms of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) to measure the extent to which the students witnessed interparental violence and experienced parental violence in childhood and adolescence. Additional instruments included the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33), which measures dissociation, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, and the Family Functioning in Adolescence Questionnaire (FFAQ), which measures the students{\textquoteright} perceptions of the functioning and environment in their families. Results: Between 16\% and 18\% of the participants indicated that they had witnessed at least one act of interparental psychological aggression, and between 2\% and 16\% indicated that they had witnessed at least one act of interparental physical violence before the age of 18. Between 11\% and 84\% of the participants had experienced at least one act of parental psychological aggression, and between 2\% and 22\% had experienced at least one act of parental physical violence during childhood. Significant amounts of the variance in participants{\textquoteright} dissociation, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were explained by their witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence. Conclusions: The present study provides strong evidence that the rates of family violence in a non-Western society (i.e., Sri Lankan families) are within the range of violence found in Western societies. In addition, the psychological effects of exposure to family violence in non-Western societies are similar to those in Western societies, although the relevance of familial, cultural, and political contexts as well as socio-demographic characteristics to those effects in non-Western societies should be taken into consideration. Practice implications: Counseling centers at universities should focus on developing better routine screening to reach students who are victims of family violence. The importance of sensitivity to risks associated with asking students about these problems should be taken into consideration. Interventions should aim to increase the students{\textquoteright} safety, to alleviate the mental health consequences of their exposure to family violence, and to help those victims to develop productive help-seeking behaviors and coping resources to ensure their safety. Collaboration between the university and community and within the university for the benefit of those victims may help in facilitating the indentification of and intervention with students{\textquoteright} victims of family violence.},
	keywords = {Effects of family violence, experiencing parental violence, exposure to family violence, family violence, Sri Lankan family, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.001},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and de Zoysa, Piyanjli}
}
@article {ea54f34756f14eeca00319cbc2137777,
	title = {אבהות ואלימות: מדריך להתערבות קבוצתית עם גברים אלימים כלפי בת זוגם: [מאמר ביקורת]},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {493{\textendash}501},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {d87787e6ffe5440595a3f3c420fdea8c,
	title = {התנסות בפגיעות בילדות והקשר שלה למצוקה פסיכולוגית ולאינטימיות בבגרות הצעירה},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {411{\textendash}440},
	abstract = {המאמר מציג מחקר הבוחן את ההשלכות של התנסות בפגיעות פסיכולוגיות, גופניות ומיניות שהתרחשו בתקופת הילדות וההתבגרות בתוך המשפחה, על המצוקה הפסיכולוגית והאינטימיות בקשר זוגי חברי, כפי שחוות נשים בבגרותן הצעירה. המחקר הוא מחקר רטרוספקטיבי שהשתתפו בו 676 נשים צעירות לא נשואות. רוב המשתתפות מנהלות קשר זוגי בהווה ומיעוטן ניהלו קשר זוגי בעבר. הממצאים חשפו קשרים מובהקים, חזקים וחיוביים בין המשתנים, וקשרים שליליים בין משתני הפגיעות לבין המשתנה אינטימיות. יחד עם זאת, נמצא כי פגיעות פסיכולוגיות וגופניות מנבאות את רוב השונות במצוקה ובאינטימיות. נמצא שהמשתנה מצוקה פסיכולוגית בהווה מתווך במידה מובהקת בקשר בין המשתנים העיקריים, דהיינו התנסות בפגיעות שונות בילדות ומידת האינטימיות שחשות נשים בקשר זוגי בבגרותן הצעירה. המאמר דן גם במגבלות המחקר וביישום ממצאיו במחקרים עתידיים ובפרקטיקה (תקציר מתוך המאמר).},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא and רנית לוגסי}
}
@article {10475a6a144347a0b526fcb8b72cb99a,
	title = {Beliefs of Sri Lankan medical students about wife beating},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {22},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {26{\textendash}49},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article presents the results of a study on beliefs about wife beating conducted among 476 Sri Lankan medical students. Participants fill out a selfadministered questionnaire, which examines six beliefs about wife beating. Most students tend to justify wife beating, to believe women benefit from wife beating, and to believe the wife bears more responsibility than the husband for violence against her. At the same time, most participants express willingness to help battered women. However, the vast majority oppose divorce as a solution to wife beating and are against punishing violent husbands. The results also reveal that a significant amount of the variance in each of the six beliefs are best explained by the students{\textquoteright} patriarchal approach toward women and marriage and by their exposure to violence in their families of origin. The implications of the results for future research and theory development on beliefs about wife beating are discussed.},
	keywords = {beliefs about wife beating, Sri Lanka, Students of medicine, wife abuse, wife beating},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260506294995},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and de Zoysa, Piyanjali}
}
@article {10b447de7ff54b70adeac11678e6c5bd,
	title = {Challenges in studying the psychological effects of Palestinian children{\textquoteright}s exposure to political violence and their coping with this traumatic experience},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {31},
	number = {7},
	year = {2007},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {691{\textendash}697},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {In this commentary, I have attempted to address several conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues which I believe are relevant to research on exposure of Palestinian children to political violence. Although I believe the issues and challenges discussed here have relevance beyond Palestinian children and their families, I have identified some of the problems in the two articles discussed here, as well as in most of the empirical literature that has dealt with these phenomena in relation to Palestinian children. Indeed, I believe it would be unfair to expect the two articles to overcome all of the problems raised here. However, I hope I have succeeded in highlighting some challenges for future research on these phenomena and initiating a discussion of some issues that are relevant to investigation of Palestinian children{\textquoteright}s exposure to political violence and traumatic events.},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.05.002},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {d6ed41eb8e6f4898a33bba3d5ece4a33,
	title = {Definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among undergraduate students of social work},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {170{\textendash}190},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article focuses on definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among undergraduate social work students in Israel. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The vast majority of students in Study 1 acknowledged acts thought to constitute wife assault and disapproved of a husband{\textquoteright}s use of force against his wife. The majority of students in Study 2 did not justify wife abuse nor tend to believe that battered women benefit from beating, although they tended to blame the violent husband for his behavior. Significant amounts of the variance in dependent variables were explained by the students{\textquoteright} marital role expectations (Study 1) and their attitudes toward women and sex role stereotypes (Study 2). The students{\textquoteright} year of study and participation in family violence or wife abuse courses did not contribute toward explaining the variance in their beliefs. Results are discussed in light of the students{\textquoteright} patriarchal ideology, and implications for future research are presented.},
	keywords = {Beliefs about wife abuse, Definitions of wife abuse, domestic violence, Social Work Education, violence against women},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X06291457},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Miriam Schiff}
}
@article {12ac2e33dca448939c28dee96a55c9f3,
	title = {בחינה אמפירית של כלי למעקב אחר מצבם ההתנהגותי-רגשי של ילדים בסיכון בישראל},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה; רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {כז},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {79{\textendash}101},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {שלהבת עטר-שורץ and רמי בנבנישתי and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {209d194bbc534dcd8b5734b98095b86d,
	title = {בחינה אמפירית של כלי למעקב אחר מצבם ההתנהגותי-רגשי של ילדים בסיכון בישראל},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {79{\textendash}101},
	abstract = {המחקר בדק את הנוסח המקוצר להערכה ולאבחון ילדים, שפותח בארצות הברית. הכלי מיועד למעקב אחר התפקוד הפסיכו-חברתי וההתנהגותי של ילדים בגילאים 18-5 במערכות רווחת הילד. מטרת המחקר הינה לתאר את המאפיינים הפסיכומטריים של הכלי בתרגומו העברי ואת התאמתו לאוכלוסיית הילדים והנוער בסיכון בישראל.(מתוך המאמר).},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {שלהבת עטר-שורץ and רמי בנבנישתי and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {a2fb094daf664e9082740cfa20465e84,
	title = {נשים מוכות בחברות קולקטיביסטיות: סוגיות בהתערבות ובהעצמה},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {423{\textendash}451},
	abstract = {בשלושת העשורים האחרונים פותחו מודלים לא מעטים להתערבות פרטנית וקבוצתית עם נשים מוכות. המשותף לכל המודלים הוא ההנחה כי לאלימות נגד נשים אין מקום במערכת יחסים אינטימית, וכי לנשים יש זכות בסיסית ובלתי מעורערת לביטחון. כמעט כל המודלים הללו פותחו בחברות מערביות בעלות אופי אינדיבידואליסטי, ולעיתים מתעוררות שאלות ותהיות אודות מידת הלימתם להתערבות עם נשים מוכות בחברות קולקטיביסטיות. מאמר זה מנסה לעמוד מקרוב על מאפייניהן של חברות קולקטיביסטיות, תוך אימוץ מסגרת קונספטואלית שבה "העצמי", "עמדות", "ערכים" ו"פעילויות והתנהגויות" הם מימדים מרכזיים. המאמר דן באופן שבו מימדים אלה יכולים להיות בעלי זיקה לבעיית האלימות נגד נשים בחברות קולקטיביסטיות, כיצד הם עשויים להשתקף בהתמודדותן של נשים מוכות עם האלימות נגדן בחברות אלה, וכיצד ישפיעו על האפשרויות להתערבות מקצועית. המאמר ממשיך ודן באפשרויות יישום ההעצמה, כתיאוריה וכפרטיקה, בהתערבות עם נשים מוכות בחברות קולקטיביסטיות (מתוך המאמר).},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא and אלישבע סדן}
}
@article {7de56db52b0143238016bd4ecb2274b6,
	title = {Adolescents{\textquoteright} approach toward children rights: Comparison between Jewish and Palestinian children from Israel and the Palestinian Authority},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {28},
	number = {9},
	year = {2006},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1060{\textendash}1073},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {With the universal ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child societies have recognized children as human beings entitled to their own rights. This recognition calls for a thorough investigation of children{\textquoteright}s understanding of the concept of children rights at large and their own rights in particular. It further calls for an examination of the role of context in the formation of the concept of children{\textquoteright}s rights. The study reported here, examined adolescents{\textquoteright} approach to children rights among three ethnic and national groups: Jewish adolescents, Palestinian adolescents from Israel (PI) and Palestinian adolescents from the Palestinian Authority (PA). The results indicated that for most of the items Jewish adolescents have higher agreements with children rights than PI and PA adolescents that were similar to each other in their acceptance of most aspects of children rights. However, this trend was not consistent over all types of children rights examined in the study. For instance, PA adolescents were more similar to Jewish adolescents than to PI adolescents in supporting the idea of children rights. Also, the three groups were similar in their low agreement with the idea of giving children rights in governmental matters. The paper discusses several interpretations and assumptions to explain these findings, such as the statehood conditions of Israel and the Palestinian Authority and cultural values of each group. Recommendations for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Children{\textquoteright}s rights, Israeli adolescents, Palestinian adolescents},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.10.011},
	author = {Mona Khoury-Kassabri and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Asher Ben-Arieh}
}
@article {ebb26ea3035944ce83ac1d9651df1d32,
	title = {Definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among ultra-orthodox jewish men from Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {525{\textendash}554},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This article presents a study conducted among 148 men from the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Israel. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to examine their definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse. The definitions provided by the majority of the participants were highly consistent with definitions that are accepted in the professional literature. The majority of participants tended to view wife abuse as unjustified and held violent husbands responsible for their behavior. They were also in favor of helping women who were abused. At the same time, however, some participants showed a tendency to blame women for violence against them and indicated that the reasons why women stay with husbands who are abusive can be attributed more to external factors than to her internal situation. Substantial amounts of the variance in the participants{\textquoteright} definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse can be explained by the extent of their patriarchal ideology. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.},
	keywords = {Beliefs about wife abuse, Ultra-Orthodox community, violence against women, wife abuse, Wife abuse in Judaism},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260505286009},
	author = {Simona Steinmetz and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {7f37ac89abdd47229a7c79d1c52337f4,
	title = {Definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among ultra-Orthodox Jewish men from Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {555{\textendash}565},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	author = {Simona Steinmetz and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {48606aa152434589a58e2305437e1ab9,
	title = {Generational, ethnic, and national differences in attitudes toward the rights of children in israel and palestine},
	journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry},
	volume = {76},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {381{\textendash}388},
	publisher = {American Orthopsychiatric Association Inc.},
	abstract = {With the nearly universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, children{\textquoteright}s rights have become a cornerstone of discussions in relation to human rights and human services around the world. Although the concept of children{\textquoteright}s rights is now broadly established, the meaning of this concept and its significance for policies and programs are apt to vary across nations, cultures, religions, and age groups. With the close proximity of diverse national, ethnic, and religious groups and seemingly omnipresent political conflicts about the meaning of rights among them, the Middle East presents unusual opportunities to understand the effects of such variables on attitudes toward children{\textquoteright}s rights. Drawing from samples of Jews from Israel, Palestinian Muslims from Israel, and Palestinian Muslims from the Palestinian Authority, surveys were conducted of adolescents, young mothers (mothers of toddlers), middle-aged mothers (mothers of adolescents), and grandmothers. Attitudes toward children{\textquoteright}s rights were more strongly affected by the respondents{\textquoteright} ethnicity and nationality than by their age.},
	keywords = {Children{\textquoteright}s rights, Culture and nationality, Middle East},
	issn = {0002-9432},
	doi = {10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.381},
	author = {Asher Ben-Arieh and Mona Khoury-Kassabri and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {047c43ff49b745d6acbda806a8a7797d,
	title = {The "geography" of child maltreatment in Israel: Findings from a national data set of cases reported to the social services},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {30},
	number = {9},
	year = {2006},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {991{\textendash}1003},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: This article examines the "geography" of reported cases of child maltreatment in Israel by determining its frequency and rates according to nationality, area of residence, and size and type of locality. Method: The study collected data at the local level in Israel based on reports to social services of cases of child maltreatment during 2000; locality is the unit of analysis. Results: The rate of reported cases of child maltreatment was 17.8 per 1,000 children in Israel in 2000. The rates varied, however, among different localities. They were lower in Arab localities (9 per 1,000 children) than in the Jewish ones (20 per 1,000), higher in large cities and other socioeconomic affluent localities (19 per 1,000), and varied according to the geographic area. Conclusions: This study demonstrates considerable variation in rates of reported cases of child maltreatment by locality and by population makeup. Thus, to fulfill the Israeli legislation of mandatory reporting of any reasonable suspicion of child maltreatment, the state should better develop policies and services that encourage reporting of child maltreatment among the Arab and ultraorthodox populations and in smaller or socioeconomic disadvantaged localities. Furthermore, the social services must build a bridge to the minority populations in Israel, developing their trust in these services and increasing their propensity to use them.},
	keywords = {"Social-geography", Abuse and neglect, Child maltreatment, Child protection services},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.02.014},
	author = {Asher Ben-Arieh and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {3e973484c1834893854a2b3e8b4d4e54,
	title = {Social work in Taiwan: A historical and critical review},
	journal = {International Social Work},
	volume = {49},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {767{\textendash}778+832+835+838+841},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {Social work development in Taiwan over the past five decades has been analyzed according to professional elements, historical background and the challenge of globalization and civilization. It also offers the factors that influence the process of professional formation of social work globally and the concern of social work indigenization.},
	keywords = {Historical review, Profession, Social work in Taiwan},
	issn = {0020-8728},
	doi = {10.1177/0020872806069081},
	author = {Chou, Yueh Ching and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Wang, Frank T.Y. and Fu, Li Yeh}
}
@article {94724174b0b245fb9f9cb3a18c02fa19,
	title = {Violence among Arab elementary school pupils in Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {58{\textendash}88},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This article examines the prevalence of violence in primary schools attended by Arab children in Israel and the relationship between such exposure and violent behavior among these children. Participants are 388 Arab children (aged 10 to 12 years) living in three localities in Israel. The research focuses on three of the child{\textquoteright}s roles in relation to violence: witness, victim, and perpetrator. An adapted Arabic translation of the Violence Exposure Scale-Revised is administered to children in group settings. The children report more exposure to moderate levels than to severe levels of violence. Boys are exposed to more violence as victims, and witness and perpetrate more violence than girls do. Multiple regression analysis shows that the experience of being a victim predicts violent behavior in the children, above the effects of age and gender. The limitations of the study and its implications for future research and theory development are discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab children, Arab schools in Israel, School violence, Victimization},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260505281604},
	author = {Wisam Marie-Alsana and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Greenbaum, Charles W.}
}
@book {845ef268952c49b3a473b54f0e48150f,
	title = {הערכת מסגרות טיפול קבוצתיות לגברים מכים},
	year = {2006},
	note = {"המחקר התבצע בשיתוף עם השרות לרווחת הפרט והמשפחה, שרות המבחן למבוגרים ועמותת בית נעם". בראש השער: מדינת ישראל - משרד הרווחה - האגף למחקר, תכנון והכשרה - המחלקה למחקר, המוסד לביטוח לאומי - הקרן למפעלים מיוחדים.},
	publisher = {מרכז מינרווה לחקר הנוער - אוניברסיטת חיפה},
	organization = {מרכז מינרווה לחקר הנוער - אוניברסיטת חיפה},
	author = {גיא אנוש and צבי איזיקוביץ{\textquoteright} and גלי דותן and מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {2a1f2f1f0fcc4b10ac8d9613fd9fcc8f,
	title = {Can people{\textquoteright}s patriarchal ideology predict their beliefs about wife abuse? The case of jordanian men},
	journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {545{\textendash}567},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss Inc.},
	abstract = {A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by 349 Jordanian men to examine the correlation between their patriarchal ideology and their beliefs about wife abuse. The results revealed that high percentages of Jordanian men tended to justify wife abuse, to blame women for violence against them, and to believe that women benefit from beating. In addition, the Jordanian men expressed low levels of willingness to help battered women, and very small percentages of them tended to believe that husbands are responsible for their violent behavior and that violent husbands should be punished. The findings indicate that significant amounts of the variance in those six beliefs can be explained by the six predictors investigated in this study, which derive from patriarchal ideology, over and above the amount of variance in those beliefs about wife abuse that can be attributed to the men{\textquoteright}s sociodemographic characteristics. The implications of the results for future research and theory development are discussed.},
	issn = {0090-4392},
	doi = {10.1002/jcop.20068},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {0581841523eb43efbfadd0ff00a13460,
	title = {Adolescents{\textquoteright} approval of peer and spousal retribution in their culture vs. other cultures: The role of group stereotypes},
	journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {221{\textendash}242},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	abstract = {This study examined whether negative group stereotypes similarly affect adolescents{\textquoteright} reasoning about peer and spousal retribution in interpersonal situations. Findings from cognitive domain theory, school violence, family violence, and group stereotyping and prejudice literatures were used to examine this. The sample of adolescents was drawn from northern and central Israel and consisted of 1,168 Arab and Jewish students (grades 7-11). A quasi-experimental between-subject design was used, in which the students in each grade were randomly assigned to one of two peer retribution scenarios and one of two spousal retribution scenarios. In each scenario, only the ethnicity of the peers and married couples depicted in the story was systematically altered. The study was a 2 (Arab/Jewish respondent) {\texttimes} 2 (peer retribution scenarios) {\texttimes} 2 (spousal retribution scenarios) factorial design. The findings provide evidence that Arab and Jewish students have negative stereotypes about one another; however, these group stereotypes did not affect their judgments and justifications about peer and spousal retribution. Jewish and Arab students judged peer retribution similarly, but differed in their judgments of spousal retribution. However, altering the ethnic background of the individuals in the scenarios did not affect respondents{\textquoteright} judgments. This suggests that respondents in both groups did not base their judgments on negative stereotypes about the out-group, but instead were focusing on the behavioural act itself. Overall, the vast majority of respondents condemned retribution based on moral, social conventional and personal reasons. This inquiry provides evidence that it was the number of justifications endorsed within a specific domain that distinguished Arab and Jewish respondents. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.},
	issn = {0261-510X},
	doi = {10.1348/026151003765264057},
	author = {Pitner, Ronald O. and Astor, Ron Avi and Rami Benbenishty and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Anat Zeira}
}
@book {1fc565710896438c8c66ed9a01a26102,
	title = {The approach of Palestinian physicians toward wife abuse},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	organization = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	edition = {1st},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {fd79eb75e01a465eb1425e350bd62cd8,
	title = {Beliefs about Wife Beating among Arab Men from Israel: The Influence of Their Patriarchal Ideology},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Funding Information: The present study was partially funded by a grant from the Kahanoff Foundation.},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {193{\textendash}206},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {Despite the recent increase in public and professional interest in the problem of wife beating in Arab society, in Israel, and in the rest of the Arab world, there is a serious lack of empirical research on different dimensions of the problem in those societies. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among a systematic random sample of 362 Arab husbands from Israel, in an attempt to examine the contribution of patriarchal ideology toward explaining their beliefs about wife beating. Although about 58\% of the participants indicated that there is no excuse for a man to beat his wife, 15-62\% still justified wife beating on certain occasions (e.g., adultery, failure to obey husbands, disrespect for parents and relatives). In addition, although the participants tended to perceive abusive and violent husbands as responsible for their behavior, 52\% still expressed understanding of that behavior and, on some occasions, 23-43\% even blamed the wife for violence against her. Regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that over and above the participants{\textquoteright} age and level of education, their masculine sex-role stereotypes, negative and traditional attitudes toward women, nonegalitarian marital role expectations, and familial patriarchal beliefs were the most significant predictors of beliefs about wife beating. Implications of the results and limitations of the study are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab men, beliefs about wife beating, domestic violence, PATRIARCHY, Wife abuse in Arab society},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1024012229984},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {c602e99f0d0f43feadc07687c255bb1c,
	title = {The Effects of Group Stereotypes on Adolescents{\textquoteright} Reasoning about Peer Retribution},
	journal = {Child Development},
	volume = {74},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {413{\textendash}425},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {This study examined the effects of negative group stereotypes on adolescents{\textquoteright} reasoning about peer retribution. The sample of adolescents was drawn from central and northern Israel and consisted of 2,604 Arab and Jewish students (ages 13-17; grades 7-11). A quasi-experimental, between-subject design was used, in which the students in each grade were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 peer retribution scenarios. The findings provide evidence that Arab and Jewish students have stereotypes about one another and that in-group bias affected their approval and reasoning about peer retribution only in specific situations. This inquiry provides evidence that it was the number of justifications endorsed within a specific domain that distinguished Arab and Jewish respondents. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.},
	issn = {0009-3920},
	doi = {10.1111/1467-8624.7402006},
	author = {Pitner, Ronald O. and Astor, Ron Avi and Rami Benbenishty and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Anat Zeira}
}
@article {9f1e806c9b4548e4949ff63b9153e38d,
	title = {The rates and correlates of the exposure of Palestinian adolescents to family violence: Toward an integrative-holistic approach},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {27},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was partially supported by a grant from Novah Mitchell Fund. This paper is based on a study jointly carried out by the two authors.},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {781{\textendash}806},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: First, to examine the rates of Palestinian adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to (i.e., witnessing and experiencing) different patterns of psychological aggression and physical violence in their families of origin; and second, to examine the correlation between this exposure and sociodemographic characteristics, parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems, and family exposure to political stressors. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among a sample of 1,185 Palestinian secondary school students. Results: The study reveals very alarming rates of witnessing interparental and parent-to-sibling aggression and violence, and high rates of experiencing aggression and violence by parents and siblings during childhood and adolescence. In addition, these rates were found to be intercorrelated, and correlated significantly with several sociodemographic characteristics such as parents{\textquoteright} levels of education, place of residence, family size, religious affiliation, family income, and housing conditions, as well as with parents{\textquoteright} psychological adjustment problems and with family exposure to political stressors. Conclusions: The results of the study reveal strong evidence that emphasizes the importance of studying violence in the family from an integrative, comprehensive, and ecological perspective that incorporates intrapersonal traits, family stress theory, family resources theory, social learning theory, and sociological and environmental factors, to explain the risk factors and predictors of violence in the family.},
	keywords = {Ecological and integrative theory of family violence, experiencing family violence, exposure to family violence, Palestinian adolescents, witnessing family violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00119-4},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Rula Abdo-Kaloti}
}
@inbook {da1b0c3681e74ba098c163669e36edbe,
	title = {עמדות של נשים ערביות כלפי דפוסי התמודדות שונים עם אלימות נגד נשים על ידי בני זוג},
	booktitle = {שונות תרבותית כאתגר לשירותי אנוש},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {195{\textendash}228},
	isbn = {9654931729},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {6ac69e5f828a4ae19f64dd7b824df868,
	title = {Attitudes of Arab women toward different patterns of coping with wife abuse},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {17},
	number = {7},
	year = {2002},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {721{\textendash}745},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This article documents a study conducted among 291 Arab women from Israel using a self-administered questionnaire that examined their attitudes toward varying patterns of coping with wife abuse. The findings revealed that the more the participants were characterized by negative and traditional perceptions of women, stereotyped attitudes toward gender roles, high levels of religiosity, and strong orientations toward familism, the greater their tendency to expect battered wives to change their behavior toward their husbands, assume responsibility for their husbands{\textquoteright} violent behavior, and resist seeking help from formal agencies or breaking up the family unit. This article discusses the relevance of the sociocultural and sociopolitical context of Arab society to women{\textquoteright}s attitudes toward various patterns of coping with wife abuse. It also discusses the implications of these results for future studies and for culturally sensitive intervention in cases of wife abuse.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260502017007002},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {223bd3a45aee4bc6a494ece413787f6c,
	title = {Attitudes of Arab women toward different patterns of coping with wife abuse},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {17},
	number = {7},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {721{\textendash}745},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {057f83848c0941579e20566b01e39956,
	title = {Beliefs of Jordanian women about wife-beating},
	journal = {Psychology of Women Quarterly},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {282{\textendash}291},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {The beliefs of 356 Jordanian women about wife-beating were investigated, using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants showed a strong tendency to justify wife-beating, to believe that women benefit from violence against them, and to blame women for their beating. Furthermore, the participants expressed clear opposition to formal assistance for battered women from governmental agencies. In this vein, they considered wife abuse a personal problem that should be treated within the family. The results also revealed that while the women showed a weak tendency to blame violent husbands for wife abuse, the prevailing belief was that violent men should not be punished for their behavior. The results are analyzed in light of the patriarchal ideology that typifies Arab culture and predominates in Jordanian society. Finally, the article discusses the implications of the results for future research, prevention, and establishment of appropriate services for combating wife abuse in Jordanian society.},
	issn = {0361-6843},
	doi = {10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00067},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {ac4f0ab834f6424d864b80d2f4dd9946,
	title = {The impact of wife abuse on marital relations as revealed by the Second Palestinian National Survey on Violence Against Women},
	journal = {Journal of Family Psychology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {273{\textendash}285},
	publisher = {American Psychological Association Inc.},
	abstract = {This article presents findings on the impact of wife abuse on marital relations, as revealed by the Second Palestinian National Survey on Violence Against Women. The study was conducted with a systematic random sample of 1,334 Palestinian women from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The results revealed that compared with their nonabused counterparts, abused wives expressed higher levels of negative patterns of communication with husbands and lower levels of commitment to marriage, marital satisfaction, affection, harmony, and happiness. In addition, the results indicated that substantial amounts of the variance in all six dimensions of marital relations examined are significantly explained by being physically abused, psychologically abused, sexually abused, and/or economically abused, over and above the variance explained by women{\textquoteright}s sociodemographic characteristics. Recommendations for further research on this topic in Palestinian society are presented.},
	issn = {0893-3200},
	doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.16.3.273},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {caf152b5f552477ba8bf276720ae7ca1,
	title = {The incidence of adolescent maltreatment in Arab society and some of its psychological effects},
	journal = {Journal of Family Issues},
	volume = {23},
	number = {8},
	year = {2002},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1032{\textendash}1064},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article deals with the incidence of adolescent maltreatment by parents and siblings and some of its psychological effects, as revealed by a cross-sectional survey conducted among a sample of 1,640 Arab adolescents in Israel. The results revealed that a high percentage of adolescents are psychologically and physically maltreated annually. Furthermore, regression and multiple regression analyses reveal that significant amounts of the variance in adolescents{\textquoteright} feelings of hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and low self-esteem can be attributed to their maltreatment by parents and siblings. These levels of variance go beyond the amounts of variance in these psychological states that can be explained by the sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents, their parents, and their families. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. The relevance of sociocultural and sociopolitical contexts of Arab society to child and adolescent maltreatment is also illuminated.},
	issn = {0192-513X},
	doi = {10.1177/019251302237302},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Khader Musleh and Haj-Yahia, Yousif M.}
}
@article {e54c4c3640ca4c0e84031bc8244e09ec,
	title = {Formerly battered women: A qualitative study of their experiences in making a decision to divorce and carrying it out},
	journal = {Journal of Divorce and Remarriage},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Funding Information: The study was partially funded by the Hanita Berman Memorial Scholarship and the Nava Mitchell Memorial Scholarship.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {37{\textendash}65},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Over the past three decades, extensive research has examined why battered women stay with their abusers. However, very few studies have focused on the subjective experiences of formerly battered women in the process of deciding to divorce their abusive husbands and in their attempt to carry out their decision. Semi-structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 formerly battered divorced women, focusing primarily on the women{\textquoteright}s interpretations of the two above-mentioned aspects of the divorce process. The results indicate that the women contextualize the experiences related to their decision to divorce and to their efforts to carry out that decision in terms of relevant ecological factors. Specifically, the women emphasized intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural-organizational, and sociocultural factors related to the divorce process. The limitations of the study and implications of the results are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Battered women, Divorce and violence, Divorce in Israel, Women and divorce},
	issn = {1050-2556},
	doi = {10.1300/J087v36n01_03},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Dorit Eldar-Avidan}
}
@article {21ff7db6d4984ae2979925c786e0bd56,
	title = {The incidence of witnessing interparental violence and some of its psychological consequences among Arab adolescents},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {25},
	number = {7},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was supported by grants from the Warburg Endowment Fund, the Milton Rosenbaum Fund, and the National Council for the Child, Jerusalem, Israel.},
	pages = {885{\textendash}907},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: The study had two aims. First, it sought to examine the incidence of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by Arab adolescents. Second, it sought to assess the implications of such exposure on adolescents{\textquoteright} feelings of hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and self-esteem. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 1640 Arab adolescents from Israel. Different forms of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) were utilized to measure the extent of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by adolescents. The Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC), the Psychological Adjustment Scale (PAS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) were used to measure the above-mentioned psychological states. Results: The results indicate that Arab adolescents witness high rates of psychological aggression and physical violence between their parents. Furthermore, regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that significant amounts of the variance in adolescents{\textquoteright} hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and low self-esteem are explained by witnessing different patterns of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence, beyond the amounts of variance in these criterion variables that can be attributed to some sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents, their parents, and families. Conclusions: The results provided strong support for the hypothesis that witnessing interparental aggression and violence has a strong detrimental impact on adolescents{\textquoteright} psychological states. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need for further research into the effects of witnessing other patterns of psychological aggression and physical violence in adolescents{\textquoteright} nuclear and extended families. It would also be worthwhile to investigate the risk factors that predispose violence in the family and the consequences of those factors.},
	keywords = {adolescents, Arab society, domestic violence, family violence, Psychological effects, Witnessing interparental violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00245-9},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {b8a61de93cd54c0eb9449338a15fe9b0,
	title = {The rates of child sexual abuse and its psychological consequences as revealed by a study among Palestinian university students},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {25},
	number = {10},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was funded by a grant from the Ford Foundation.},
	pages = {1303{\textendash}1327},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: The study aimed to achieve the following two objectives: First, it sought to examine the rates of sexual abuse in Palestinian society at three ages (12 years or less, 12-16 years, and 16+3 years) by three perpetrators (a family member, a relative, and a stranger). Second, the study sought to assess some psychological implications of sexual victimization. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 652 Palestinian undergraduate students from the Palestinian Authority. A revised version of Finkelhor{\textquoteright}s scale was utilized to measure sexual abuse, and a revised and culturally adjusted version of Derogatis and Melisaratos{\textquoteright} Brief Symptoms Inventory was used to measure nine psychological symptoms. Results: The rates of sexual abuse among Palestinian students fall within the range of the problem in many other societies. Similar rates of abuse were found among female and male students. Moreover, sexually abused participants expressed significantly higher levels of psychoticism, hostility, anxiety, somatization, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, and psychological distress compared with their nonabused counterparts. Sexual abuse by different perpetrators at different ages significantly explained between 20.7\% and 35.8\% of the variance in these psychological symptoms. Conclusions: The results provide strong support for the argument that sexual abuse exists in Palestinian society, as well as for the hypothesis that sexual abuse has a strong psychological impact on victims. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for further research into different aspects and dimensions of the problem in Arab societies.},
	keywords = {Arab societies, Palestinian society, Psychological symptoms, sexual abuse, Sexual victimization},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00277-0},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Safa Tamish}
}
@article {9de69b8b67764333af9adba4d62a5fd9,
	title = {Child maltreatment: The approach of Arab social workers in Israel},
	journal = {International Social Work},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {149{\textendash}161},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {Child maltreatment has become a major concern in countries throughout the world. This article presents a study conducted among 164 Arab social workers in Israel. The study asked the following questions: How do Arab social workers define child maltreatment? What signs are used to identify potential cases? What are the risk factors for child maltreatment as perceived by the social workers? How do social workers perceive their role in reporting maltreatment? The results reveal that the respondents{\textquoteright} definitions of maltreatment focus more on abuse than on neglect.},
	issn = {0020-8728},
	doi = {10.1177/002087280004300202},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {9568bb24a7a74bf7ae5611c1cd54df6e,
	title = {The experience of formerly battered women with divorce: A qualitative descriptive study},
	journal = {Journal of Divorce and Remarriage},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Funding Information: This paper is based on some of the results presented in Ms. Dorit Eldar-Avidan{\textquoteright}s MSW Thesis. The study was partially funded by the Hanita Berman Memorial Scholarship and the Nava Mitchell Memorial Scholarship.},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {19{\textendash}40},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {The study presented in this paper focuses on the experience of formerly battered women with divorce. Using an integrative, ecologically-based approach, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 divorced Israeli women who had experienced battering by their ex-husbands. The results portray the main themes presented by the women in relation to their lives after the divorce. Personal, interpersonal, organizational and sociocultural aspects are discussed. The results focus on the centrality of factors on all ecological levels. The women expressed satisfaction and, generally, a sense of well-being, increased closeness with the family-of-origin, support from friends and relatives and improvement in parental capabilities. In their struggle, these women require extensive assistance from various mental health and human service organizations, as well as financial and legal assistance. Cultural factors and social values also play a role in their adjustment.},
	keywords = {Battered women, Divorce, domestic violence, Ecological theory, family violence, Formerly battered women, Surviving divorce},
	issn = {1050-2556},
	doi = {10.1300/J087v32n03_02},
	author = {Dorit Eldar-Avidan and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {d590aed00f304260934c2afb1e70b47a,
	title = {Implications of wife abuse and battering for self-esteem, depression, and anxiety as revealed by the second Palestinian national survey on violence against women},
	journal = {Journal of Family Issues},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	month = {may},
	pages = {435{\textendash}463},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The article focuses on the incidence of different patterns of wife abuse and battering and on some of their mental health consequences. Data are based on findings from the Second Palestinian National Survey conducted among a systematic random sample of 1,334 Palestinian women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The results reveal that 87.2\%, 54\%, 40\%, and 44\% of the Palestinian women indicated they had experienced one or more acts of psychological abuse, physical violence, sexual abuse, and economic abuse, respectively, at least once by their husbands during the 12 months preceding the survey. Also, results indicated that significant amounts of the variances in women{\textquoteright}s low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety are significantly explained by their experiences with abuse, over and above the explained variances in these psychological consequences by women{\textquoteright}s sociodemographic characteristics. The study{\textquoteright}s limitations are discussed, and recommendations for further research and program development in Palestinian society presented.},
	issn = {0192-513X},
	doi = {10.1177/019251300021004002},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {150ec5974b334ea8965b38f1479fb0db,
	title = {The incidence of Arab adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to violence in their families of origin and its sociodemographic correlates},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {24},
	number = {10},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was partially supported by a grant from the National Council for the Child, Jerusalem, Israel.},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1299{\textendash}1315},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Objectives: To examine the incidence and sociodemographic correlates of witnessing and experiencing different patterns of abuse and violence in the family of origin among Arab adolescents from Israel. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 1,640 Arab secondary school students in Israel. Results: About 17\% of the participants had witnessed their fathers threatening to hit or throw something at their mothers, and 18\% had witnessed their fathers attacking, grabbing, or shoving their mothers at least once during the 12 months preceding the survey. Regarding exposure to mother-to-father violence, the rates for the same acts were 4\% and 3\%, respectively. In addition, 39\%, 40\%, and 42\% of the participants indicated that their fathers, mothers, and siblings, respectively, had yelled at them and/or done something to insult them at least once during the same period. Furthermore, 17\%, 15\%, and 20\% of the participants revealed that their fathers, mothers, and siblings, respectively, had attacked them continuously for several minutes with a stick, club, or other harmful object at least once during the 12 months preceding the survey. Conclusions: The results revealed evidence of psychological and physical violence against Arab adolescents of different ages, gender, places of residence, or religions. In addition, evidence was found of violence between parents of different ages, levels of education, levels of income, religious affiliation, occupation, and family size. These results emphasize the importance of exploring violence in the Arab family from an integrative, ecological perspective. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.},
	keywords = {Arab family, Experiencing violence, exposure to violence, Sociodemographic correlates, Violence in the Arab family, Witnessing violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00185-X},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Asher Ben-Arieh}
}
@article {4a925e01d6ec4441acc160f2f82dd6bc,
	title = {The incidence of wife abuse and battering and some sociodemographic correlates as revealed by two national surveys in Palestinian society},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was conducted in full collaboration with the Bisan Center for Research and Development, Ramallah, the West Bank. It was funded by a grant from the Ford Foundation. The author would like to express his sincere gratitude to Ms. Jocelyn DeJong at the Ford Foundation offices in Cairo, Egypt, for her continuous support. Special thanks are extended to Prof. Jeffrey L. Edleson, Prof. Murray A. Straus, and Ms. Lori L. Heise for their very insightful comments and feedback on an expanded report of the two surveys, and to Ms. Mimi Schneiderman for her editorial assistance.},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {347{\textendash}374},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {Over the past 3 decades, wife abuse and battering has become a major concern throughout the world. However, there is a serious dearth of empirical knowledge about different dimensions of the problem in the Arab world. This article documents the incidence of different patterns of abuse and battering as revealed in two national surveys conducted among Palestinian women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Systematic random samples of 2,410 women and 1,334 women participated in the first and second surveys, respectively. The annual incidence of psychological, sexual, and economic abuse as well as physical violence are presented, and some of their sociodemographic correlates are discussed in relation to each of the two surveys. The limitations of the two surveys and implications of their results for future research and theory development are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab societies, domestic violence, Palestinian society, Sociodemographic correlates of wife-abuse and battering, Wife abuse and battering},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1007554229592},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {606687980a654a56b1729a579602c3fc,
	title = {Patterns of violence against engaged Arab women from Israel and some psychological implications},
	journal = {Psychology of Women Quarterly},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {209{\textendash}219},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	issn = {0361-6843},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {af321315dc8e4fda8e656544455b038f,
	title = {Patterns of violence against engaged Arab women from Israel and some psychological implications},
	journal = {Psychology of Women Quarterly},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {209{\textendash}219},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {The present study focused on 1,111 engaged Arab women in Israel, examining the different patterns of abuse and battering they experienced by their fianc{\'e}s. The results revealed that between 8\% and 48\% of the respondents had experienced psychological aggression by their partners and between 1\% to 10\% had experienced physical aggression. Moreover, between 5\% and 11\% of the respondents had experienced acts of sexual abuse at least once during the engagement period. In addition, some mental health consequences of these experiences were examined. Analysis of variance revealed that, when negotiation tactics were not used to resolve conflicts and when respondents had experienced different patterns of abuse and battering by their fianc{\'e}s, they also expressed relatively low levels of self-esteem and relatively high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that the main predictors of the study explained larger amounts of the variance in mental health than did some of the background variables. Finally, the article discusses the limitations of the study and implications for future research, as well as recommendations for prevention and intervention activities.},
	issn = {0361-6843},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00202.x},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {6676924909e34545a97bab667c9e3645,
	title = {Perception of job satisfaction, service effectiveness and burnout among Arab social workers in Israel},
	journal = {International Journal of Social Welfare},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {201{\textendash}210},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {Over the past three decades, the topics of job satisfaction and burnout have become a major focus of interest in research and professional training in the field of social work. However, there is a serious lack of studies focusing on these issues in the context of Arab social workers in Israel. This paper presents the results obtained from a subsample of Arab participants in a national study of Israeli social workers. It focuses on the correlations between several career outcomes and organizational conditions such as role characteristics, work conditions, job mastery, and power. Challenge at work and job mastery were found to be the most significant and consistent predictors of the outcome results. The implications of the results are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Arab Social Workers, Job burnout, Job satisfaction, Job stress, Perceived job conditions},
	issn = {1369-6866},
	doi = {10.1111/1468-2397.00129},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, M. M. and David Bargal and Guterman, Neil B.}
}
@article {6883da1dadbc4a948713f074bb23069a,
	title = {Wife abuse and battering in the sociocultural context of Arab society},
	journal = {Family Process},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {In Israel.},
	pages = {237{\textendash}255},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	issn = {0014-7370},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {7e14522251354454ac90d0b9222cb522,
	title = {Wife abuse and battering in the sociocultural context of Arab society},
	journal = {Family Process},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {237{\textendash}255},
	publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	abstract = {Despite increasing public, professional, and scientific interest in the problem of wife abuse and battering, little has been written about the importance of sociocultural sensitivity in intervention with abused and battered women in Arab society. In this article, I describe central family values in that society and discuss their relevance to wife abuse and battering. Specifically, the discussion focuses on values such as mutual family support and interdependence, family reputation, women{\textquoteright}s inferiority and male supremacy, and family cohesion and the relevance of those values to wife abuse and battering. In addition, I present Arab women{\textquoteright}s perspectives on this problem, as revealed in their responses to open-ended questions that were part of larger studies conducted by me. In this regard, five dimensions of their perspectives are considered: (1) Women{\textquoteright}s definitions of violence against women; (2) their awareness of the problem; (3) their justification or condemnation of violence against women; (4) their awareness of the risk encountered by battered women; and (5) their approach toward coping with the problem. The results are discussed from the perspective of the sociocultural context of Arab society. The article concludes with recommendations for socioculturally sensitive intervention with battered women in this society.},
	issn = {0014-7370},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1545-5300.2000.39207.x},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {33d65ea872e4416b82e310d4c7665636,
	title = {Attitudes towards mentally ill people and willingness to employ them in Arab society},
	journal = {International Sociology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {173{\textendash}193},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
	abstract = {Despite the considerable advancement of empirical knowledge in the area of mental health and mental illness, there is a serious lack of research on the topic from the perspective of Arab societies. This study examines whether traditional Arab societies such as Arab-Islamic society tend to reject mentally ill people, where willingness to employ a mentally ill person was chosen as a specific manifestation of such rejection. The research sample consisted of 262 potential employers in East Jerusalem, all of whom were Muslim men. On the whole, the findings support the research hypotheses, that as traditionalism increases there is a concomitant rise in the tendency to view mental illness as the result of an inadequate relationship with God, as a divine punishment and as an expression of divine will (fatalism). It was also found that these three tendencies exacerbate negative attitudes towards and rejection of the mentally ill, which in turn reduces the extent to which potential employers are willing to hire mentally ill people. However, the results reveal that rejection of the mentally ill is an inherent aspect of attitudes towards them, and not necessarily connected with traditionalism. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the reintegration of the mentally ill into Arab society.},
	keywords = {Arab society, Cultural sensitivity, Mental health, Mentally ill people},
	issn = {0268-5809},
	doi = {10.1177/0268580999014002004},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {606a1e7d9987466caca248a51354626f,
	title = {On the encounter between jewish supervisors and arab supervisees in Israel},
	journal = {The Clinical Supervisor},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {17{\textendash}37},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Most Arab students of social work in Israel are supervised by Jewish supervisors during their field work practicum. However, there is a serious dearth of empirical research on this encounter between people from different ethnic and national backgrounds. The paper presents results from two studies conducted among Jewish supervisors and Arab supervisees. Supervisors{\textquoteright} and supervisees{\textquoteright} perceptions were studied and documented along five dimensions: (1) Difficulties experienced specifically by Arab students; (2) the relationship between Jewish supervisors and Arab supervisees; (3) difficulties related to gender and nationality; (4) strategies for coping with difficulties between Arab supervisees and their Jewish supervisors; and (5) recommended modifications in the social work curriculum and supervision process. Gaps between the perceptions of Jewish supervisors and Arab supervisees are discussed, and relevant conclusions are presented.},
	keywords = {Arab students, Cultural sensitivity in supervision, Field work practicum, Jewish supervisors, Social work education in Israel, Supervision},
	issn = {0732-5223},
	doi = {10.1300/J001v18n02_02},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Dorit Roer-Strier}
}
@book {0fa28ca68eca44538f48ee5d8d1eeeca,
	title = {The incidence of wife-abuse and battering and its socio-demographic correlates as revealed by two national surveys in the Palestinian society},
	year = {1999},
	publisher = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	organization = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {e59879117f204564b4d010f363b35e5b,
	title = {Wife abuse and its psychological consequences as revealed by the First Palestinian National Survey on violence against women},
	journal = {Journal of Family Psychology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {642{\textendash}662},
	publisher = {American Psychological Association Inc.},
	abstract = {The article focuses on the incidence of wife abuse and battering and some of its psychological consequences, as revealed in the First Palestinian National Survey, which was conducted with a national systematic random sample of 2,410 women from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The findings indicate that the Palestinian women had experienced high levels of psychological abuse, physical violence, sexual abuse, and economic abuse during the 12 months preceding the study. In addition, analysis of variance revealed that women who had experienced those patterns of abuse expressed higher levels of psychological distress, anger, and fear than did nonabused women. Furthermore, regression and multiple regression analysis revealed that significant amounts of the variance in women{\textquoteright}s psychological distress, anger, and fear are explained by their experiences with abuse and battering as well as by some of their sociodemographic characteristics.},
	issn = {0893-3200},
	doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.13.4.642},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@book {ad630d4ef5e948fb9ed1fd343d492631,
	title = {Wife-abuse and battering in the West Bank and Gaza: results of two national surveys},
	year = {1999},
	publisher = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	organization = {Bisan Center for Research and Development},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@inbook {a5ae0a1f4ad94d7ca96ff582764072be,
	title = {אלימות כלפי נשים בהקשר החברתי-התרבותי של החברה הערבית},
	booktitle = {להיות שונה בישראל (קובץ בעריכת קלייר רבין)},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {219{\textendash}242},
	publisher = {הוצאת רמות - אוניברסיטת תל אביב},
	organization = {הוצאת רמות - אוניברסיטת תל אביב},
	abstract = {במאמר זה ייבחנו מבנה המשפחה הערבית ומאפייניה וזיקתם לאלימות נגד נשים, וייסקר יחסן של נשים ערביות כלפי הבעיה וכלפי דפוסי ההתערבות השונים - הרצויים והלא רצויים, כפי שהשתקפו בממצאי שני מחקרים שנערכו בקרב נשים ערביות מישראל (חאג{\textquoteright} יחיא, 1997). על בסיס דיון זה יוצגו כיווני התערבות עם נשים ערביות מוכות. (מתוך המאמר)},
	isbn = {9652742856},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@inbook {badda3ae237449f7aba4bb80c9e81242,
	title = {אלימות כלפי נשים בהקשר החברתי-התרבותי של החברה הערבית},
	booktitle = {להיות שונה בישראל},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {219{\textendash}242},
	isbn = {9652742856},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {9d98bff43ed742cb8941ab4ae5f92cf7,
	title = {Arab students of social work in Israel: Adjustment difficulties and coping strategies},
	journal = {Social Work Education},
	volume = {17},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {449{\textendash}467},
	publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
	abstract = {Israel is a multi-cultural society, and this can no longer be ignored. However, there is a serious lack of theoretical and empirical literature dealing with the implications of Israel{\textquoteright}s multi-cultural social context for social work education in Israel, as well as its impact on social work practice with different ethnic and national populations in that country. The dearth of material is even more pronounced in the case of Arab students attending Israeli universities. This paper documents the first stage of a project focusing on Arab students at the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. A triangulation method was applied for collection of data from students enrolled in the 3-year programme, graduate students, faculty members and field work supervisors, as well as reports from previous years. Personal, academic and socio-cultural difficulties are documented as well as coping mechanisms and recommendations for schools of social work in Israel. The results are used to demonstrate cultural misunderstanding, educational dilemmas and differences in professional ideologies.},
	issn = {0261-5479},
	doi = {10.1080/02615479811220431},
	author = {Dorit Roer-Strier and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {cf47a396572c4d3bac6a878a43b473e0,
	title = {Beliefs about wife beating among Palestinian women: The influence of their patriarchal ideology},
	journal = {Violence Against Women},
	volume = {4},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {533{\textendash}558},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine Palestinian women{\textquoteright}s beliefs about wife beating and the extent to which these beliefs are influenced by their patriarchal ideology. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by a systematic random sample of 425 women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The results indicate that although one third of the women believed there is no excuse for a man to beat his wife, a substantial percentage still justified wife beating under several conditions (e.g., when a wife is perceived as sexually unfaithful or as challenging her husband{\textquoteright}s manhood). Furthermore, although most of the participants tended to hold violent husbands responsible for their behavior, a substantial proportion indicated that they understand the violent husbands and do not consider them solely responsible for their behavior. The study shows that adherence to patriarchal ideology significantly explains the variance in participants{\textquoteright} beliefs about wife beating. The implications of these results are discussed.},
	issn = {1077-8012},
	doi = {10.1177/1077801298004005002},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {dfe7ed51a2364446ad69a29fb882963e,
	title = {A patriarchal perspective of beliefs about wife beating among Palestinian men from the West Bank and the Gaza strip},
	journal = {Journal of Family Issues},
	volume = {19},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {595{\textendash}621},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {Based on a patriarchal perspective, the article presents a pioneer study of Palestinian husbands{\textquoteright} beliefs in the following areas: justifying wife beating, holding violent husbands responsible for their behavior, and blaming the battered wives for violence against them. The results revealed the following trends: (a) High percentages of respondents tend to justify wife beating under different circumstances (e.g., the wife{\textquoteright}s "sexual unfaithfulness"); (b) although the majority of respondents held violent husbands responsible for their behavior, there was a concomitant tendency to understand the husband; and (c) a high percentage of respondents blamed the wife for violence against her. Patriarchal ideology provided a conceptual framework for presentation and discussion of the findings obtained through regression and multiple regression analyses. The implications of the results for future research as well as for prevention and intervention activities are also discussed.},
	issn = {0192-513X},
	doi = {10.1177/019251398019005006},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {59b86f841e3b4ed1bba8013bc1854a7a,
	title = {Perceptions of abusive and violent husbands by engaged arab men in israel},
	journal = {Journal of Social Psychology},
	volume = {138},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was partially funded by America-Mideast Educational and Training Services, Inc. Additional support was received from the Conflict and Change Center at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute and the College of Human Ecology (which granted the Award for Graduate International Research), both at the University of Minnesota.},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {772{\textendash}786},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	abstract = {The predictability of engaged Arab men{\textquoteright}s perceptions of abusive husbands was tested. The analysis was based on variables reflecting three theoretical perspectives: male dominance, intergenerational social learning, and interpersonal skills deficit. The data were derived from a standardized measurement package completed by 434 Arab men in Israel. The results revealed that a combination of predictors from disparate frameworks best explained the variance in the different criterion variables of the study. Lack of skills for establishing positive communication with one{\textquoteright}s fianc{\'e}e, traditional and nonegalitarian expectations of marriage, and experience with or witnessing violence in the family of origin best explained the variance in the belief that abusive husbands should not be held responsible for their behavior. The combination of the first two predictors and negative attitudes toward women best explained the variance in the view of the respondents that abusive husbands should not be punished for their violent behavior.},
	issn = {0022-4545},
	doi = {10.1080/00224549809603263},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {6ee11fc444ff4b73ab50fafb0d2b1bfa,
	title = {Predicting the use of different conflict tactics among Arab siblings in Israel: A study based on social learning theory},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Funding Information: This study was partially funded by a grant from the Kahanoff Foundation awarded to the principal investigator and senior author of this article, Dr. Haj-Yahia. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Aswan Saleh, Manal Rouhana, Wafa Habayeb, Moustafa Jibarah, Atef Odeh, Yousef Shaheen, and many others for their invaluable assistance in conducting this study. We would also like to thank Miriam Schneiderman for her editorial assistance.},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {81{\textendash}103},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {The article presents a study conducted among 832 Arab adolescents from Israel, in an attempt to predict their use of different tactics (i.e., reasoning, verbal abuse, and physical violence) to resolve conflicts with siblings from the perspective of social learning theory. Different forms of the CT Scales were utilized to elicit information on Arab adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to and experience with different conflict tactics in their families of origin, as well as on their use of such tactics with siblings. Results indicate that the more they witnessed reasoning in their families of origin, the greater the likelihood that they would use the same tactic to resolve conflicts with their siblings. At the same time, the more they witnessed or experienced verbal abuse and physical violence, the greater their use of verbal and physical violence against their siblings. A detailed discussion of different patterns of violence in Arab families as reported by the adolescents is presented, and several implications of the study are addressed.},
	keywords = {Arab youth and violence, Conflict tactics, Experiencing domestic violence, Sibling abuse and violence, Witnessing domestic violence},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1022864801027},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Samia Dawud-Noursi}
}
@inbook {d2dbd4addce8477c80e010c6588348ee,
	title = {התעללות בילדים},
	booktitle = {ילדים ובני נוער ערבים בישראל - ממצב קיים לקראת סדר יום עתידי},
	year = {1998},
	note = {יש כותר נוסף בערבית},
	pages = {285{\textendash}290},
	publisher = {גוינט-מכון ברוקדייל, המרכז לילדים ולנוער},
	organization = {גוינט-מכון ברוקדייל, המרכז לילדים ולנוער},
	author = {חאג{\textquoteright} יחיא, מוחמד},
	editor = {אבו עסבה, ח{\textquoteright}אלד}
}
@article {62796b5d318d47668131cde1612a5a63,
	title = {Culturally Sensitive Supervision of Arab Social Work Students in Western Universities},
	journal = {Social Work},
	volume = {42},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {166{\textendash}174},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {A large number of Arab social workers are trained in Western, postindustrial societies. This article describes the cultural value conflicts encountered by Arab social work students studying the profession in these societal contexts. Western values are a potential source of conflict, discomfort, and undesirable reactions during the student{\textquoteright}s professional training. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the cultural identity of the Arab student as a principle of culturally sensitive supervision. The article also presents five functions of field work supervision that will promote the success of social work training of Arab social work students.},
	keywords = {Arab, Cultural sensitivity, Social Work Education, Supervision, Values},
	issn = {0037-8046},
	doi = {10.1093/sw/42.2.166},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {ab2e17acb659488ea72d07128b730bc0,
	title = {Predicting beliefs about wife beating among engaged Arab men in Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {530{\textendash}545},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	abstract = {This article presents one of the first studies dealing with beliefs about wife beating in Arab societies. The data were collected from a random sample of 434 engaged Arab men from Israel, in an attempt to explain their different beliefs about wife beating, based on variables representing three frameworks: (a) male dominance; (b) intergenerational learning; and (c) interpersonal skills deficit. The results revealed that a combination of predictors from disparate frameworks best explained the variance in the different criterion variables of the study. The study finds that different beliefs about wife beating among engaged Arab men are explained by the following variables: Patriarchal and nonegalitarian expectations of marriage; inability to establish positive communication; negative attitudes toward women; sex role stereotypes; and witnessing or experiences with violence in their families of origin. The implications of the results are discussed.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/088626097012004004},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {3a98c2c7c7794e71826c9050916ee08a,
	title = {Predicting beliefs about wife beating among engaged Arab men in Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Another version appeared in the "Journal of Social Psychology" 138 (1998).},
	pages = {530{\textendash}545},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {f201ad5b2b284dceae166130e8e53392,
	title = {The approach of Israeli health and mental health students toward child maltreatment},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {20},
	number = {5},
	year = {1996},
	month = {may},
	pages = {425{\textendash}435},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {Child maltreatment is a multidisciplinary problem with legal, medical, social service, public policy, and mental health components. Therefore, it is essential to understand how members of different disciplines approach this problem. Studies are lacking on this subject in Israel. A preliminary study was conducted with 1,302 students of the four main disciplines dealing with the problem of child maltreatment: psychology, social work, education, and medicine. An instrument constructed for the purpose of this study was utilized to examine the following main areas used by professionals in determining cases of maltreatment: (a) their perception of the various situations of child maltreatment; (b) their awareness of the risk factors of child maltreatment; (c) their awareness of the signs of child maltreatment; and (d) their willingness to report various cases of maltreatment. The results indicate important areas in detecting cases of child maltreatment which students from the four disciplines may disregard. Those areas which could be strengthened in preparing future professionals for fulfilling their roles are discussed.},
	keywords = {Child maltreatment, Health and mental health professions, Israeli students},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/0145-2134(96)00017-8},
	author = {Ron Shor and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@article {9ac571d1ce124909b45b9a8e20ad274d,
	title = {A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward child maltreatment: Arab vs. Jewish students of mental health professions‏},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Social Science},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {135{\textendash}145},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc.},
	keywords = {Child maltreatment},
	issn = {1936-7244},
	author = {Ron Shor and Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
@article {243a7bcc98ad43679c7815a7ac196f51,
	title = {התעללות מינית בילדים: תיאוריה ודרכי טיפול: [מאמר ביקורת]},
	journal = {ביטחון סוציאלי},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {146{\textendash}148},
	issn = {0334-231X},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {3cdaa8dfab7f44c3a8577d730569e510,
	title = {Child maltreatment as perceived by Arab students of social science in The West Bank},
	journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
	volume = {19},
	number = {10},
	year = {1995},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1209{\textendash}1219},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {There is a dearth of knowledge about the problem of child maltreatment in Arab societies. In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Palestinians are facing the challenge of establishing their own social welfare system as a result of signing the Declaration of Principles with Israel. In creating services for families and children, the helping professionals in these areas find that one of the main challenges is to integrate and apply knowledge accumulated in Western countries into a different sociocultural context. Another challenge is to develop knowledge on this subject congruent with their own cultural background. Because of this lack of knowledge, a study was conducted among 353 students in the helping professions in the West Bank. An instrument constructed for this study was utilized to examine the following subjects: (a) students{\textquoteright} perceptions of situations of child maltreatment; (b) their awareness of signs of maltreated children; (c) their awareness of risk factors which could be related to this problem; and (d) their willingness to report cases of child maltreatment. The results indicate a high level of agreement among students in viewing situations of abuse as well as neglect as maltreatment. Differences were found in their willingness to report situations of maltreatment. A higher tendency was found to report situations of abuse rather than neglect. An inclination was found among students to minimize social and cultural factors as risk factors and to disregard signs that did not contain explicit signals of danger as characteristics of maltreated children. Implications for the development of services in Arab societies are discussed.},
	keywords = {Child maltreatment, Social sciences, WEST Bank},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/0145-2134(95)00085-M},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Ron Shor}
}
@article {a591edebccd1427694088c6106480c8d,
	title = {Toward culturally sensitive intervention with arab families in Israel},
	journal = {Contemporary Family Therapy},
	volume = {17},
	number = {4},
	year = {1995},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {429{\textendash}447},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press Inc.},
	abstract = {Over the past three decades, Arab society in Israel has been undergoing processes of transition. These processes are manifested by changes in the economy, education, the status of women, family structure, and by socio-cultural changes and transformations in patterns of coping with social problems. There is a serious lack of empirical research on the implications of this process for the value systems of Arab society and families in Israel and a dearth of relevant intervention-oriented literature. This article outlines the basic cultural values in the Arab society in Israel in an attempt to illuminate the relevance of these values for family structure and for direct interventions with Arab families in Israel.},
	keywords = {Arab families in Israel, Arab families in transition, cultural sensitivity in therapy},
	issn = {0892-2764},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02249355},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.}
}
@book {456df16944784eadbb58ccf9845d4879,
	title = {المرأة الفلسطينية وبعض قضايا العنف الاسري: تحليل اجتماعى لبعض ظواهر العنف الموجه ضد المرأة},
	year = {1995},
	publisher = {مركز بيسان للبحوث والانماء},
	organization = {مركز بيسان للبحوث والانماء},
	author = {حاج يحيى, محمد}
}
@article {f6048fd0113f450fa6a260fe7f7c336e,
	title = {Predicting the use of conflict resolution tactics among engaged Arab-Palestinian men in Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {47{\textendash}62},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	abstract = {This article reports one of the first studies of woman abuse in the Arab world. A standardized measurement package was completed by 434 engaged Arab-Palestinian men living in Israel. The study sought to explain men{\textquoteright}s differential use of conflict tactics with their fianc{\'e}es using variables representing three frameworks: (1) male dominance, (2) intergenerational learning, and (3) interpersonal skills deficit. Results revealed that a combination of factors from disparate frameworks best explained the variance. Men who used reasoning in conflicts were less likely to have originated from families where they were exposed to violence, more likely to have egalitarian expectations from marriage, and more likely to be characterized as androgynous. Men who were verbally and physically aggressive toward their fianc{\'e}es, were more likely to have come from homes where they were exposed to violence, were less likely to empathize with their fianc{\'e}es, and more likely to hold negative and traditional attitudes toward women.},
	keywords = {domestic violence, engaged men, marriage roles, Palestinian},
	issn = {0885-7482},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01531968},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Edleson, Jeffrey L.}
}
@article {15a7ddca1163429791120974ebbc9a97,
	title = {בית משפט השלום ותיפקודו עם המיעוטים בישראל},
	journal = {פלילים},
	volume = {ד{\textquoteright}},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {157{\textendash}173},
	issn = {0792-5786},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא and גיורא רהב and מאיר טייכמן}
}
@article {003ce9aa62ea4d14a5a459b9c8669af7,
	title = {המשפחה הערבית בישראל: ערכיה התרבותיים וזיקתם לעבודה הסוציאלית},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה: רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {י"ד},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {249{\textendash}264},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@article {4a98acf690864930b49c1e11a19333b0,
	title = {המשפחה הערבית בישראל: ערכיה התרבותיים וזיקתם לעבודה הסוציאלית},
	journal = {חברה ורווחה; רבעון לעבודה סוציאלית},
	volume = {יד},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {249{\textendash}264},
	issn = {0334-4029},
	author = {מוחמד חאג{\textquoteright}-יחיא}
}
@book {4d07adee063a4b1189a5e0b16d9ac440,
	title = {Crime, justice and social control in the Israeli Arab population},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Publication in the research project: The condition and the status of the Arabs in Israel, under the direction of Henry Rosenfeld},
	publisher = {International Center for Peace in the Middle East},
	organization = {International Center for Peace in the Middle East},
	author = {Stanley Cohen and Yahia, Mohammed Haj}
}
@book {c8df28e6ede24759be38fac0ce0f1a71,
	title = {Mother{\textquoteright}s education and its effects on her attitudes, views and child-rearing},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Cover title: Evaluation of the community and early childhood education project run by the Wadi El Joz Community Center (Beit David) in East Jerusalem},
	publisher = {Van Leer Foundation},
	organization = {Van Leer Foundation},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M}
}
